{"id":3268,"date":"2026-06-18T18:24:19","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T16:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/blog\/odometer-fraud-used-cars\/"},"modified":"2026-07-14T14:42:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T12:42:24","slug":"odometer-fraud-used-cars","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/odometer-fraud-used-cars\/","title":{"rendered":"Auto u\u017cywane, kt\u00f3re chcesz kupi\u0107, prawdopodobnie co\u015b ukrywa"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n\/* Google Fonts removed 2026-08-21: mrvin-fonts.php self-hosts these exact faces in wp_head, so this was a second request to Google whose only real effect was handing over the visitor IP (GDPR, LG Muenchen I, material in DE\/AT). 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.endnote{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:46px;padding-top:26px;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .endnote a{font-weight:500}\n\/* FAQ *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq{margin:54px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq h2{margin-bottom:6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-item{border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding:20px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-item:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-q{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:20px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-a{margin:0;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--body);line-height:1.7}\n\/* author bio *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .author{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:flex-start;background:var(--surface2);border-radius:16px;padding:22px 24px;margin:50px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author .av{width:52px;height:52px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;flex:0 0 auto;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:500;font-size:17px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author .nm{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author p{margin:0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6}\n\/* sources *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:54px;padding-top:26px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources h2{font-size:22px;margin:0 auto 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources li{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources li b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}\n\/* responsive *\/\n@media(max-width:940px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .layout{display:block;padding:84px 20px 0}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .wrap{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .toc-side{display:none}\n}\n@media(max-width:640px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post h1{font-size:34px}.mrvin-blog-post .lead{font-size:19px}.mrvin-blog-post .dek{font-size:18px}.mrvin-blog-post{font-size:17px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mrvin-blog-post .byline{flex-wrap:wrap}.mrvin-blog-post .share{margin-left:0}\n}\n\/* ==== used-car-cost-2026: partner cards, entry points, highlighted CTA ====\n   Everything below is emitted by that article alone, except the two rules\n   scoped under .mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026, which upgrade the summary\n   ticks and the Takeaway label for that article only. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta{margin-top:26px;border-left:3px solid var(--tint);padding:2px 0 2px 22px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25;color:var(--ink);text-align:center;margin:0 0 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-h b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:400}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,background .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta a:hover{background:#fff;border-color:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-ic{flex:0 0 24px;height:24px;border-radius:7px;background:linear-gradient(140deg,#EDF4FE,#DBEAFE);border:1px solid #CBDDF8;color:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-ic svg{width:14px;height:14px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline{margin:16px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline a{font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline .sep{color:var(--faint);margin:0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar{position:fixed;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:9998;display:none;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.97);border-top:1px solid var(--border);box-shadow:0 -6px 20px rgba(11,17,32,.08);padding:10px 12px;transform:translateY(110%);transition:transform .28s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar.on{transform:translateY(0)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a{flex:1 1 0;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--blue);border-radius:10px;padding:11px 8px;text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a.alt{background:var(--surface2);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a svg{width:16px;height:16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-top{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:17px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--ink);text-align:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-h b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:400}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-row{display:flex;gap:8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar button{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);background:none;border:0;color:var(--faint);font-size:20px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;padding:0 2px}\n@media (max-width:1000px){.mrvin-blog-post .mbar{display:flex}}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard{border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;background:var(--surface);padding:20px 22px;margin:38px 0;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,17,32,.04);transition:box-shadow .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard:hover{box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(11,17,32,.09);border-color:#CBD8EA}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-ic{flex:0 0 44px;height:44px;border-radius:12px;background:linear-gradient(140deg,#EDF4FE,#DBEAFE);border:1px solid #CBDDF8;color:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-ic svg{width:23px;height:23px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-body{flex:1 1 240px;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:20px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 3px;line-height:1.25}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-sub{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn{flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:10px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15.5px;font-weight:600;padding:12px 20px;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,51,153,.2);transition:background .2s ease,transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover{background:var(--blue2);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 7px 18px rgba(37,99,235,.28)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot{display:none;margin-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:18px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard.open .pcard-slot{display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard.open .pcard-btn{display:none}\n\/* clickout slot: the Czech partners are links, not embedded widgets, so the\n   revealed slot holds a button-shaped anchor instead of an iframe *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--blue);border-radius:12px;padding:14px 18px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo:hover{background:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .partner-disc{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:30px;padding-top:18px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--faint)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .partner-disc b{display:block;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-body .pv-eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue2);margin:0 0 9px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-body .pv-eyebrow svg{width:16px;height:16px;flex:0 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .mrvin-search-hint{margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;padding:5px 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust svg{width:14px;height:14px;flex:0 0 14px;color:var(--green)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl{display:block;padding:0;border-radius:20px;margin:46px 0 0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#002B80 0%,#003399 46%,#1D4ED8 100%);box-shadow:0 18px 44px rgba(0,51,153,.28)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl:before{right:-56px;top:-56px;width:210px;height:210px;border-width:34px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-70px;bottom:-96px;width:240px;height:240px;border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(255,210,31,.22) 0%,rgba(255,210,31,0) 68%)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-inner{position:relative;z-index:1;padding:30px 32px 28px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-main{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:18px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic{flex:0 0 52px;height:52px;border-radius:15px;color:#fff;background:rgba(255,255,255,.13);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.24);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic svg{width:27px;height:27px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-text{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-eyebrow{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--yellow);margin:0 0 7px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-h{font-size:27px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-sub{font-size:15.5px;max-width:54ch}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;list-style:none;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:13.5px;color:#DCEAFB;background:rgba(255,255,255,.09);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17);border-radius:999px;padding:6px 13px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust svg{width:15px;height:15px;flex:0 0 15px;color:var(--yellow)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:22px 0 0;background:var(--yellow);color:#0B1120;font-weight:700;font-size:16.5px;padding:15px 26px;border-radius:13px;box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.22);transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover{background:#FFDD4D;color:#0B1120;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 12px 26px rgba(0,0,0,.3);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn svg{width:19px;height:19px;flex:0 0 19px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn .pb-arrow{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover .pb-arrow{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt{margin:16px 0 42px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt svg{width:15px;height:15px;flex:0 0 15px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .src-links{display:block;margin-top:6px}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .tldr li{padding-left:33px}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .tldr li:before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:2px;width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:7px;background:rgba(29,158,117,.11) url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%231D9E75' stroke-width='3' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='m5 12.5 4.6 4.6L19 7'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") center\/13px 13px no-repeat}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .takeaway b{padding-left:21px;line-height:1.5;background:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%230F6E56' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.3 18h5.4'\/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.2 21h3.6'\/%3E%3Cpath d='M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.5 10.9c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2h5c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3Z'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") left center\/14px 14px no-repeat}\n@media(max-width:600px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-inner{padding:26px 22px 24px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-main{gap:14px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-h{font-size:23px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic{flex:0 0 44px;height:44px;border-radius:13px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic svg{width:23px;height:23px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn{width:100%;justify-content:center}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn svg,.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn svg{transition:none}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover{transform:none}\n}\n\n\/* ---------- VIN \/ plate search box, as on the homepage hero ----------\n   The tabs, the country tile and the validation notes are the shared\n   component from snippet 6; these rules only re-scope its sizing to the\n   narrower article column. *\/\n\/* Rail CTA sub label. The rail in the country editions is a single line link,\n   so .sc-geo had no rule and the second line ran into the first. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-geo{display:block;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:400;color:var(--faint);line-height:1.35;margin-top:3px}\n\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tabs{display:flex;gap:4px;padding:2px 4px 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab{padding:7px 16px;border-radius:8px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;border:0;outline:none;background:transparent;color:var(--faint);font-family:var(--sans);transition:background .2s,color .2s;line-height:1}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab.active{background:var(--tint);color:var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab:hover:not(.active){color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row .mrvin-country{align-self:stretch;display:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row .mrvin-country.is-active{display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-country-tile{height:100%;min-height:52px}\n\n\/* ---------- damage study: data tables ----------\n   .dtable is the plain two or three column figures table. It reuses the\n   base table styling and adds a bar that draws the share inline, so the\n   shape of a distribution is readable without a chart. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable{margin:26px 0 0;font-size:15px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable thead th{background:var(--surface2);color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:12px 16px;text-align:right}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable thead th:first-child{text-align:left}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody td{padding:11px 16px;text-align:right;color:var(--body);white-space:nowrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody td:first-child{text-align:left;color:var(--ink);white-space:normal}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.hi td{background:#FFF8E6}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.hi td:first-child{font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable td .bar{display:block;height:5px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--border);margin-top:6px;min-width:64px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable td .bar 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.reveal{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}html{scroll-behavior:auto}}\n<\/style>\n<noscript><style>.mrvin-blog-post .reveal{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}<\/style><\/noscript>\t<div class=\"mrvin-blog-post mrvin-blog-odometer-fraud-used-cars\">\n\t\t<div class=\"progress\" id=\"mrvin-blog-progress\"><\/div>\n\t\t<button class=\"totop\" id=\"mrvin-blog-totop\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Back to top\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 19V5\"\/><path d=\"M6 11l6-6 6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t<div class=\"layout\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside class=\"toc-side\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Spis tre\u015bci\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"toc-h\">W niniejszym artykule<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#rare\">Kr\u0119cenie to nie rzadko\u015b\u0107<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#how\">Jak cofa si\u0119 licznik<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#price\">Jak kr\u0119cenie zawy\u017ca cen\u0119<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#solved\">Ten problem ju\u017c rozwi\u0105zano<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#damage\">Przebieg to tylko po\u0142owa prawdy<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#protect\">Jak si\u0119 chroni\u0107<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#faq\">Najcz\u0119stsze pytania<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t<\/aside>\n\n\t\t<article class=\"wrap content\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"badges\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"badge\">Badania<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"badge\">Porady zakupowe<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">16 czerwca 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dot\">&middot;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"meta-extra\" id=\"mrvin-blog-readtime\">8 min czytania<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h1>Auto u\u017cywane, kt\u00f3re chcesz kupi\u0107, prawdopodobnie co\u015b ukrywa<\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"dek\">Nawet po\u0142owa u\u017cywanych aut z importu ma zmieniony przebieg. Jak dzia\u0142a cofanie licznika, ile Ci\u0119 kosztuje i jak je wykry\u0107, zanim zap\u0142acisz.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"avatar\">MV<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"name\">Zesp\u00f3\u0142 MrVIN<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"role\">Badania historii pojazd\u00f3w<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"share\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-x\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na X\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-li\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na LinkedIn\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.87 6 2.5 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.5 1 4.98 2.12 4.98 3.5zM0 8h5v16H0zM7.5 8h4.78v2.2h.07c.67-1.2 2.3-2.46 4.73-2.46 5.06 0 6 3.33 6 7.66V24h-5v-6.78c0-1.62-.03-3.7-2.25-3.7-2.26 0-2.6 1.76-2.6 3.58V24h-5z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-fb\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na Facebooku\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M24 12.07C24 5.4 18.63 0 12 0S0 5.4 0 12.07c0 6.02 4.39 11.01 10.13 11.93v-8.44H7.08v-3.49h3.05V9.41c0-3.02 1.79-4.69 4.53-4.69 1.31 0 2.68.24 2.68.24v2.97h-1.51c-1.49 0-1.95.93-1.95 1.88v2.26h3.32l-.53 3.49h-2.79v8.44C19.61 23.08 24 18.09 24 12.07z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-copy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Skopiuj link\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M9.5 14.5l5-5\"\/><path d=\"M11 6.5l.7-.7a3.5 3.5 0 015 5l-2.2 2.2\"\/><path d=\"M13 17.5l-.7.7a3.5 3.5 0 01-5-5l2.2-2.2\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/odometer-hero.webp\" width=\"1349\" height=\"784\" alt=\"Licznik samochodowy z symbolami ostrzegawczymi wok\u00f3\u0142 tarczy\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"cover-cap\">Niski przebieg na liczniku to naj\u0142atwiejsza rzecz do podrobienia na \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"lead\">Kupno u\u017cywanego auta powinno smakowa\u0107 jak wygrana. Ale w\u0142a\u015bnie to uczucie rynek sprzedaje najlepiej: spora cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 aut zmieniaj\u0105cych w\u0142a\u015bciciela w Europie skrywa sekret, czy to cofni\u0119ty licznik, czy zatajony wypadek, czy szkod\u0119, o kt\u00f3rej sprzedaj\u0105cy woli milcze\u0107. Oto co pokazuj\u0105 badania i dlaczego sprawdzenie historii auta przed zap\u0142at\u0105 nie jest ju\u017c opcj\u0105, tylko konieczno\u015bci\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tldr\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eyebrow\">W skr\u00f3cie<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Nawet po\u0142owa u\u017cywanych aut z importu ma zmieniony przebieg.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Kr\u0119cenie licznika jest tanie, trwa sekundy i w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci Europy prawie nie jest karane.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Dobrze si\u0119 ukrywa, ale zdradzaj\u0105 je zu\u017cycie, ksi\u0105\u017cka serwisowa i zarejestrowane odczyty.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Tam, gdzie ka\u017cdy odczyt jest rejestrowany, jak w Belgii, oszustwo niemal znika.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"summary-stats\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div><span class=\"snum\">30-50%<\/span><span class=\"slbl\">aut z importu ma fa\u0142szywy przebieg<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div><span class=\"snum\">1 na 3<\/span><span class=\"slbl\">aut w Niemczech jest kr\u0119conych (ADAC)<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div><span class=\"snum\">~100 000 km<\/span><span class=\"slbl\">\u015brednio tyle znika przy wykrytym oszustwie<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div><span class=\"snum\">1 na 11<\/span><span class=\"slbl\">aut w UK z luk\u0105 w przebiegu (AA)<\/span><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-vin\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pv-head\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/vin-check-bear.webp\" width=\"1584\" height=\"672\" alt=\"Mi\u015b MrVIN sprawdzaj\u0105cy raport historii pojazdu\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pv-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Sprawd\u017a VIN, zanim kupisz<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zobacz prawdziwy przebieg, szkody, obci\u0105\u017cenia i histori\u0119 importu auta z ponad 30 kraj\u00f3w, w nieca\u0142\u0105 minut\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mrvin-search-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"mrvin-search-row\" action=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/product\/\" method=\"GET\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" class=\"mrvin-search-input\" name=\"vin\" placeholder=\"Wprowad\u017a 17-cyfrowy numer VIN\" aria-label=\"Numer VIN\" maxlength=\"32\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"mrvin-search-btn\">Sprawd\u017a numer VIN &rarr;<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"mrvin-search-hint\">Przyk\u0142ad: <code>WBA3A5G59DNP26082<\/code><span class=\"sep\"><\/span>Darmowy podgl\u0105d w zestawie<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"rare\">Fa\u0142szywy przebieg to nie rzadko\u015b\u0107. W niekt\u00f3rych autach to norma.<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Cofanie licznika, potocznie \u201ekr\u0119cenie\u201d, to cicha manipulacja zapisanym przebiegiem auta, tak by wygl\u0105da\u0142o na mniej zu\u017cyte, ni\u017c jest naprawd\u0119. To jedna z najstarszych sztuczek w bran\u017cy, a nowoczesne cyfrowe zegary sprawi\u0142y, \u017ce jest \u0142atwiejsza ni\u017c kiedykolwiek.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Jak cz\u0119sty to problem? Badanie zlecone przez Parlament Europejski wykaza\u0142o, \u017ce od 5 do 12 procent aut sprzedawanych w obr\u0119bie jednego kraju ma zmanipulowany licznik. Przy autach sprzedawanych mi\u0119dzy krajami UE odsetek ro\u015bnie do 30-50 procent. W Niemczech, najwi\u0119kszym rynku aut u\u017cywanych w Europie, ADAC szacuje, \u017ce mniej wi\u0119cej co trzecie u\u017cywane auto ma sfa\u0142szowany przebieg.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Gdzie kryje si\u0119 oszustwo<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sub\">Odsetek u\u017cywanych aut ze zmanipulowanym licznikiem wg rodzaju sprzeda\u017cy (UE)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"chart-box\" style=\"height:200px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<canvas id=\"mrvin-blog-chart1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Cofanie licznika dotyczy 5-12 procent aut sprzedawanych w kraju i 30-50 procent aut sprzedawanych mi\u0119dzy krajami UE.\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: badanie Parlamentu Europejskiego (EPRS, 2018).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"pullquote\">Je\u015bli kupujesz auto z importu, szansa, \u017ce jego przebieg zosta\u0142 ruszony, bywa bliska rzutowi monet\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Najwi\u0119ksze znaczenie ma to na rynkach opartych na imporcie. Auto latami mocno eksploatowane w jednym kraju mo\u017ce przekroczy\u0107 granic\u0119, zgubi\u0107 na papierze jedn\u0105 trzeci\u0105 przebiegu i wygl\u0105da\u0107 jak zadbana, ma\u0142o u\u017cywana okazja. Dokumenty jad\u0105 za autem. Prawda cz\u0119sto nie.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"how\">Jak cofa si\u0119 licznik<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Przez wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 historii motoryzacji kr\u0119cenie licznika oznacza\u0142o prac\u0119 fizyczn\u0105. Analogowy licznik to zestaw mechanicznych b\u0119benk\u00f3w z cyframi nap\u0119dzanych link\u0105, a jego cofni\u0119cie wymaga\u0142o otwarcia deski rozdzielczej i r\u0119cznego przestawienia cyfr albo kr\u0119cenia link\u0105 w drug\u0105 stron\u0119 wiertark\u0105. Sz\u0142o to powoli i cz\u0119sto zostawia\u0142o lekko przekrzywione cyfry.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"pullquote\">Cyfrowe zegary mia\u0142y sko\u0144czy\u0107 z kr\u0119ceniem licznik\u00f3w. Zamiast tego je u\u0142atwi\u0142y.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Nowoczesne auto zapisuje przebieg jako liczb\u0119 w ma\u0142ej ko\u015bci pami\u0119ci w zestawie zegar\u00f3w. Urz\u0105dzenie wpi\u0119te w gniazdo diagnostyczne OBD, to samo, z kt\u00f3rego korzysta mechanik, odczyta t\u0119 liczb\u0119 i nadpisze j\u0105 w kilka sekund. ADAC zauwa\u017ca, \u017ce takie narz\u0119dzia sprzedaje si\u0119 otwarcie ju\u017c za 50-150 euro i nie trzeba do nich \u017cadnych umiej\u0119tno\u015bci mechanicznych.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Jest jednak haczyk, kt\u00f3ry dzia\u0142a na korzy\u015b\u0107 kupuj\u0105cego. W wielu autach przebieg nie jest zapisany w jednym miejscu. Jest powielony w kilku modu\u0142ach: w sterowniku silnika, skrzyni bieg\u00f3w, module ABS, a nawet w kluczykach. Tanie narz\u0119dzie zwykle nadpisuje tylko zegary. Pierwotna warto\u015b\u0107 cz\u0119sto przetrwa gdzie indziej i w\u0142a\u015bnie dzi\u0119ki temu rzetelna analiza danych albo uwa\u017cny warsztat potrafi ujawni\u0107 liczb\u0119, kt\u00f3ra rzekomo zosta\u0142a wymazana.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"takeaway\">\n\t\t\t\t<b>Podsumowanie<\/b>\n\t\t\t\tCyfrowe zegary nie s\u0105 dowodem niskiego przebiegu. Wr\u0119cz przeciwnie, \u0142atwiej je przestawi\u0107 ni\u017c stare mechaniczne liczniki, a prawdziwa warto\u015b\u0107 cz\u0119sto wci\u0105\u017c istnieje gdzie\u015b w aucie.\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"price\">Cofanie licznika to tak naprawd\u0119 zawy\u017canie ceny<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Cofni\u0119cie licznika to nie niewinny zabieg kosmetyczny. Bezpo\u015brednio zmienia to, ile p\u0142acisz, bo przebieg to jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych czynnik\u00f3w warto\u015bci u\u017cywanego auta. Ni\u017csza liczba, wy\u017csza cena.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Skala jest ogromna. ADAC wylicza, \u017ce kr\u0119cenie licznika zawy\u017ca cen\u0119 auta \u015brednio o oko\u0142o 3000 euro, a \u0142\u0105czne straty niemieckich kupuj\u0105cych id\u0105 co roku w miliardy. W ca\u0142ej UE badanie Parlamentu Europejskiego oszacowa\u0142o koszt oszustw licznikowych na oko\u0142o 8,9 mld euro rocznie, a autorzy zaznaczyli, \u017ce to zapewne warto\u015b\u0107 zani\u017cona. Ten schemat nie jest wy\u0142\u0105cznie europejski: w Stanach Zjednoczonych NHTSA szacuje koszty na ponad miliard dolar\u00f3w rocznie, a ofiary trac\u0105 \u015brednio oko\u0142o 4000 dolar\u00f3w na jednym kr\u0119conym aucie.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stats\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stat\"><div class=\"num\">8,9 mld &euro;<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">rocznie trac\u0105 kupuj\u0105cy w UE przez kr\u0119cenie licznik\u00f3w<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stat\"><div class=\"num\">3000 &euro;<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">\u015brednie zawy\u017cenie ceny kr\u0119conego auta (ADAC)<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stat\"><div class=\"num\">4000 $<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">\u015brednia strata kupuj\u0105cego w USA na kr\u0119conym aucie<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"stat\"><div class=\"num\">50 do 150 &euro;<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">tyle kosztuj\u0105 narz\u0119dzia do cofni\u0119cia licznika<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"solved\">Najbardziej frustruj\u0105ce: ten problem ju\u017c rozwi\u0105zano<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Oto co powinno z\u0142o\u015bci\u0107 ka\u017cdego kupuj\u0105cego. Cofanie licznik\u00f3w nie jest niepowstrzyman\u0105 si\u0142\u0105 natury. To problem, kt\u00f3ry co najmniej jeden kraj niemal ca\u0142kowicie wyeliminowa\u0142.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Dowodem jest Belgia. Zanim wprowadzi\u0142a krajow\u0105 baz\u0119 przebieg\u00f3w, notowano tam szacunkowo od 60 000 do 100 000 przypadk\u00f3w cofania licznik\u00f3w rocznie. Dzi\u015b, gdy ka\u017cdy odczyt jest rejestrowany i mo\u017cliwy do sprawdzenia w oficjalnym systemie Car-Pass, liczba ta si\u0119 za\u0142ama\u0142a. W 2024 roku, przy blisko 22 mln przetworzonych odczyt\u00f3w, Car-Pass oznaczy\u0142 zaledwie 1411 prawdopodobnych przypadk\u00f3w oszustwa. Organizacja twierdzi dzi\u015b, \u017ce kr\u0119cenie licznik\u00f3w w Belgii praktycznie znikn\u0119\u0142o.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Co przejrzysto\u015b\u0107 robi z oszustwem<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sub\">Przypadki cofania licznika rocznie w Belgii, przed i po wprowadzeniu krajowej bazy przebieg\u00f3w<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"legend\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span><span class=\"swatch\" style=\"background:#E24B4A;\"><\/span>Przed baz\u0105 danych<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span><span class=\"swatch\" style=\"background:#1D9E75;\"><\/span>2024, z systemem Car-Pass<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"chart-box\" style=\"height:230px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<canvas id=\"mrvin-blog-chart2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Liczba oszustw licznikowych w Belgii spad\u0142a z oko\u0142o 80 000 przypadk\u00f3w rocznie przed krajow\u0105 baz\u0105 do 1411 przypadk\u00f3w w 2024 roku.\"><\/canvas>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: raport roczny Car-Pass 2024. Stan \u201eprzed\u201d pokazany jako \u015brodek przedzia\u0142u szacunkowego od 60 000 do 100 000.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Lekcja jest prosta. Tam, gdzie przebieg jest cz\u0119sto rejestrowany i publicznie dost\u0119pny, kr\u0119cenie licznik\u00f3w przestaje dzia\u0142a\u0107. Tam, gdzie nie jest, oszustwo kwitnie, a sprawdzanie spada na kupuj\u0105cego.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"takeaway\">\n\t\t\t\t<b>Podsumowanie<\/b>\n\t\t\t\tKraje rejestruj\u0105ce ka\u017cdy odczyt prawie nie maj\u0105 oszustw. Pozosta\u0142e zostawiaj\u0105 ich wykrycie kupuj\u0105cemu.\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"damage\">Przebieg to tylko po\u0142owa prawdy<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Nawet prawdziwy licznik nie powie Ci, czy auto by\u0142o rozbite, zalane albo sk\u0142adane. Historia szk\u00f3d i obci\u0105\u017ce\u0144 finansowych to drugie wielkie martwe pole rynku aut u\u017cywanych i kupuj\u0105cy nabieraj\u0105 si\u0119 na nie bez przerwy.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>W Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie sprawdzanie aut jest powszechne, liczby s\u0105 ponure. Wed\u0142ug danych RAC i HPI mniej wi\u0119cej co czwarte auto poddane sprawdzeniu historii ma niesp\u0142acony kredyt, co oznacza, \u017ce sprzedaj\u0105cy mo\u017ce wcale nie mie\u0107 prawa go sprzeda\u0107. Oko\u0142o cztery procent to auta po szkodzie ca\u0142kowitej z wypadku lub kradzie\u017cy, a szacunkowo 384 000 aut rocznie ulega kasacji lub powa\u017cnym uszkodzeniom. Z kolei AA podaje, \u017ce jedno na jedena\u015bcie aut na brytyjskich drogach ma przebieg niezgodny z zapisami.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Problem ze szkodami polega na tym, \u017ce zostawiaj\u0105 tak ma\u0142o \u015blad\u00f3w. Naprawiony wypadek nie pachnie. Cofni\u0119ty licznik nie zostawia rysy. Szkoda powodziowa mo\u017ce miesi\u0105cami siedzie\u0107 cicho pod \u015bwie\u017cym detailingiem, zanim elektronika zacznie odmawia\u0107 pos\u0142usze\u0144stwa. Usterki, kt\u00f3re znacz\u0105 najwi\u0119cej, to dok\u0142adnie te, kt\u00f3rych kr\u00f3tka jazda pr\u00f3bna nigdy nie poka\u017ce.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<figure>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table>\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th>Zanim kupisz<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th>Sprzedawca i jazda pr\u00f3bna<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<th>Ze sprawdzeniem historii<\/th>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Prawdziwy przebieg<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&times;<\/span>Wierzysz licznikowi<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&check;<\/span>Zweryfikowany<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Historia wypadk\u00f3w i szk\u00f3d<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&times;<\/span>Ukryta<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&check;<\/span>Ujawniona<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Niesp\u0142acony kredyt<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&times;<\/span>Niewidoczny<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&check;<\/span>Oznaczony<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Historia importu i w\u0142a\u015bcicieli<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&times;<\/span>Nieznana<\/td><td><span class=\"ic\">&check;<\/span>Prze\u015bledzona<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption>To, co pokazuje sprzedawca, kontra to, co kryj\u0105 rejestry.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"protect\">Jak si\u0119 chroni\u0107<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Nie musisz by\u0107 mechanikiem, \u017ceby kupi\u0107 bezpiecznie. Potrzebujesz informacji, i to zanim przeka\u017cesz komukolwiek pieni\u0105dze. Kilka nawyk\u00f3w robi ogromn\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119. Podejrzanie niski przebieg w starszym lub importowanym aucie traktuj jak sygna\u0142 ostrzegawczy. Por\u00f3wnaj zu\u017cycie peda\u0142\u00f3w, kierownicy i foteli z liczb\u0105 na zegarach. Popro\u015b o pe\u0142n\u0105, podbit\u0105 ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0119 serwisow\u0105 i uwa\u017caj, gdy s\u0105 w niej luki. A przede wszystkim sprawd\u017a zapisan\u0105 histori\u0119 auta po numerze VIN, zanim si\u0119 na cokolwiek zdecydujesz.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Policz, zanim zakochasz si\u0119 w aucie. Podziel przebieg przez wiek auta: je\u015bli wynik jest wyra\u017anie poni\u017cej oko\u0142o 10 800 kilometr\u00f3w rocznie, kt\u00f3re przeje\u017cd\u017ca przeci\u0119tne auto w Europie, zapytaj dlaczego, a nieskazitelne zegary traktuj z tak\u0105 sam\u0105 podejrzliwo\u015bci\u0105 jak cen\u0119, kt\u00f3ra wygl\u0105da zbyt dobrze. Prawdziwe okazje istniej\u0105. Historie, kt\u00f3re si\u0119 nie klej\u0105, te\u017c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"calc\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Czy ten przebieg jest realny?<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sub\">Podaj dane auta. Por\u00f3wnamy jego przebieg z typowym dla wieku i sposobu u\u017cytkowania, poka\u017cemy, jak bardzo odbiega, i oszacujemy, o jak\u0105 kwot\u0119 toczy si\u0119 gra.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mrvin-blog-calc-year\">Pierwsza rejestracja (rok)<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"number\" id=\"mrvin-blog-calc-year\" inputmode=\"numeric\" placeholder=\"np. 2017\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mrvin-blog-calc-km\">Stan licznika (km)<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"number\" id=\"mrvin-blog-calc-km\" inputmode=\"numeric\" placeholder=\"np. 90000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mrvin-blog-calc-use\">Typowe zastosowanie<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<select id=\"mrvin-blog-calc-use\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"8000\">Miasto \/ niska (~8 000 km\/rok)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"10800\" selected>\u015arednia (~10 800 km\/rok)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<option value=\"20000\">Autostrada \/ wysoka (~20 000 km\/rok)<\/option>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/select>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-field\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"mrvin-blog-calc-price\">Cena wywo\u0142awcza (EUR), opcjonalnie<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"number\" id=\"mrvin-blog-calc-price\" inputmode=\"numeric\" placeholder=\"np. 12000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calc-out\" id=\"mrvin-blog-calc-out\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"calc-src\">Punkty odniesienia: przeci\u0119tne auto w UE przeje\u017cd\u017ca oko\u0142o 10 800 km rocznie, od oko\u0142o 6000 km (Litwa) do 17 000 km (Irlandia), wg <a href=\"https:\/\/www.odyssee-mure.eu\/publications\/efficiency-by-sector\/transport\/distance-travelled-by-car.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ODYSSEE-MURE<\/a>. Szacunek warto\u015bci opiera si\u0119 na regule, \u017ce warto\u015b\u0107 u\u017cywanego auta zmienia si\u0119 o oko\u0142o 4% na ka\u017cde 10 000 km wzgl\u0119dem \u015bredniego przebiegu, wg <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autoexpress.co.uk\/sell-my-car\/guides\/how-much-does-mileage-affect-car-value\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Auto Express<\/a>. To wy\u0142\u0105cznie orientacyjne wskaz\u00f3wki.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"bottom\">Sedno sprawy<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Pewny siebie sprzedawca i nieskazitelne zegary to nie dowody. To marketing. Jedyny spos\u00f3b, by wiedzie\u0107, co naprawd\u0119 kupujesz, to zajrze\u0107 do zapis\u00f3w stoj\u0105cych za autem: historii przebiegu, szk\u00f3d i wypadk\u00f3w, ewentualnych niesp\u0142aconych kredyt\u00f3w oraz osi czasu importu i w\u0142a\u015bcicieli.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"endnote\">Sprawdzenie historii istnieje z jednego powodu: najwi\u0119cej kosztuj\u0105 Ci\u0119 rzeczy, kt\u00f3rych nie zobaczysz na w\u0142asne oczy. Niezale\u017cnie od tego, z jakiej us\u0142ugi korzystasz, sprawd\u017a VIN, zanim podpiszesz. To kilka minut, a hazard zamienia si\u0119 w wyb\u00f3r, za kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cesz stan\u0105\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"promo\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-h\">Co warto wiedzie\u0107 przed zakupem<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-sub\">Dane dotycz\u0105ce przebiegu, uszkodze\u0144, finansowania i importu z ponad 30 kraj\u00f3w, w jednym raporcie, w mniej ni\u017c minut\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"promo-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/\">Sprawd\u017a numer VIN &rarr;<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-alt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/sample-report\/\">Jeszcze si\u0119 nie zdecydowa\u0142e\u015b? Zobacz najpierw, jak wygl\u0105da pe\u0142ny raport<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<section class=\"faq\" id=\"faq\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Najcz\u0119stsze pytania<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Czy cofanie licznika jest nielegalne?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Niemal wsz\u0119dzie to forma oszustwa, ale egzekwowanie prawa mocno si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cni mi\u0119dzy krajami. W Polsce cofanie licznika jest od 2019 r. odr\u0119bnym przest\u0119pstwem (art. 306a Kodeksu karnego), zagro\u017conym kar\u0105 nawet do 5 lat wi\u0119zienia, i Polska jest jednym z zaledwie sze\u015bciu pa\u0144stw UE z takim przepisem. W pozosta\u0142ych krajach traktuje si\u0119 je zwykle jak zwyk\u0142e oszustwo konsumenckie, trudniejsze do udowodnienia i rzadko trafiaj\u0105ce do s\u0105du, wi\u0119c sprzedawcy niewiele ryzykuj\u0105.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Jak pozna\u0107, czy przebieg auta jest prawdziwy?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">\u017baden pojedynczy test nie rozstrzyga, ale kilka naraz daje du\u017co. Por\u00f3wnaj wskazanie z zu\u017cyciem peda\u0142\u00f3w, kierownicy, ga\u0142ki bieg\u00f3w i fotela kierowcy. Zestaw piecz\u0105tki w ksi\u0105\u017cce serwisowej z zapisami z bada\u0144 okresowych, kt\u00f3re odnotowuj\u0105 przebieg przy ka\u017cdej wizycie. Nag\u0142y zast\u00f3j albo odczyt ni\u017cszy od wcze\u015bniejszego to sygna\u0142 ostrzegawczy. Najbardziej wiarygodnym pojedynczym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em jest historia przebiegu powi\u0105zana z numerem VIN.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Jaki przebieg jest normalny?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Przybli\u017cony europejski punkt odniesienia to oko\u0142o 10 800 kilometr\u00f3w rocznie, cho\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy krajami s\u0105 du\u017ce. Dziesi\u0119cioletnie auto z przebiegiem 40 000 km nie jest niemo\u017cliwe, ale na tyle nietypowe, \u017ce zas\u0142uguje raczej na dok\u0142adniejsze sprawdzenie ni\u017c na zachwyt.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Czy cyfrowe zegary chroni\u0105 przed oszustwem?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Nie. To cz\u0119sty mit. Cyfrowe liczniki s\u0105 z regu\u0142y \u0142atwiejsze i szybsze do przestawienia ni\u017c stare mechaniczne, bo warto\u015b\u0107 mo\u017cna nadpisa\u0107 przez gniazdo diagnostyczne w kilka sekund.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Ile kilometr\u00f3w zwykle znika z licznika?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Wystarczaj\u0105co du\u017co, by mia\u0142o to znaczenie. W Belgii, gdzie rejestrowany jest ka\u017cdy odczyt, wykryte przypadki pokazuj\u0105 \u015brednie cofni\u0119cie o blisko 100 000 kilometr\u00f3w, co mo\u017ce zmieni\u0107 warto\u015b\u0107 auta o tysi\u0105ce euro.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Czy auta z importu to wi\u0119ksze ryzyko?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Tak. Badanie Parlamentu Europejskiego wskaza\u0142o manipulacje w 5-12 procentach sprzeda\u017cy krajowych, ale w 30-50 procentach aut sprzedawanych mi\u0119dzy krajami, bo auto zmieniaj\u0105ce kraj gubi te\u017c papierowy \u015blad, kt\u00f3ry m\u00f3g\u0142by je zdemaskowa\u0107.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"av\">MV<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"nm\">Zesp\u00f3\u0142 badawczy MrVIN<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Badamy rejestry historii pojazd\u00f3w w ponad 30 krajach, \u015bledz\u0105c, jak dane o przebiegu, szkodach i w\u0142a\u015bcicielach kr\u0105\u017c\u0105 po europejskim rynku aut u\u017cywanych. Ten artyku\u0142 opiera si\u0119 na opublikowanych badaniach Parlamentu Europejskiego, ADAC, Car-Pass, NHTSA i brytyjskich organizacji motoryzacyjnych, wszystkie podlinkowane poni\u017cej.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<section class=\"sources\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Parlament Europejski<\/b>: <i>Odometer manipulation in motor vehicles in the EU<\/i> (EPRS, 2018). Manipulacje: 5-12% w kraju i 30-50% transgranicznie; koszt roczny 8,9 mld euro. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2018\/615637\/EPRS_STU(2018)615637_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czytaj<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>ADAC (Niemcy)<\/b>: mniej wi\u0119cej 1 na 3 u\u017cywane auta z kr\u0119conym licznikiem; \u015brednie zawy\u017cenie ceny o ok. 3000 euro; narz\u0119dzia do manipulacji za 50-150 euro.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Car-Pass (Belgia)<\/b>: raport roczny 2024. Oszustwa spad\u0142y z 60 000-100 000 rocznie do 1411 przypadk\u00f3w przy oko\u0142o 22 mln odczyt\u00f3w. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.car-pass.be\/en\/blog\/car-pass-jaarverslag-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czytaj<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>NHTSA (USA)<\/b>: oszustwa licznikowe kosztuj\u0105 co najmniej 1 mld dolar\u00f3w rocznie; \u015brednia strata ok. 4000 dolar\u00f3w na auto. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/sites\/nhtsa.gov\/files\/doths809441.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czytaj<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>RAC i HPI (Wielka Brytania)<\/b>: oko\u0142o 25% sprawdzanych aut ma niesp\u0142acony kredyt; oko\u0142o 4% po szkodzie ca\u0142kowitej; oko\u0142o 384 000 aut rocznie skasowanych lub powa\u017cnie uszkodzonych.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>The AA (Wielka Brytania)<\/b>: 1 na 11 brytyjskich aut ma rozbie\u017cno\u015b\u0107 przebiegu.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>ODYSSEE-MURE<\/b>: \u015bredni roczny przebieg auta w UE (oko\u0142o 10 800 km), wykorzystany w kalkulatorze przebiegu. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.odyssee-mure.eu\/publications\/efficiency-by-sector\/transport\/distance-travelled-by-car.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czytaj<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Auto Express<\/b>: regu\u0142a, \u017ce warto\u015b\u0107 u\u017cywanego auta zmienia si\u0119 o oko\u0142o 4% na ka\u017cde 10 000 km wzgl\u0119dem \u015bredniego przebiegu. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autoexpress.co.uk\/sell-my-car\/guides\/how-much-does-mileage-affect-car-value\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Czytaj<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"readnext\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"eyebrow\">Przeczytaj dalej<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"readnext-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"readnext-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/jak-kupic-samochod-na-otomoto\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-img\" style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/listings\/otomoto-hero.webp')\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-title\">Jak kupowa\u0107 na Otomoto i znajdowa\u0107 naprawd\u0119 dobre oferty<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-dek\">Na Otomoto jest dzi\u015b ponad 234 000 u\u017cywanych samochod\u00f3w. To wi\u0119cej, ni\u017c jakikolwiek kupuj\u0105cy jest w stanie realnie przejrze\u0107, dlatego wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b ogl\u0105da po prostu to, co serwis poka\u017ce im jako pierwsze.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-more\">Zobacz poradnik &rarr;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"readnext-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-niemiec-mobile-de\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-img\" style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/mobilede\/mobilede-hero.webp')\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-title\">Jak kupi\u0107 auto na mobile.de i sprowadzi\u0107 je do Polski<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-dek\">Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 aut u\u017cywanych sprowadzanych do Polski pochodzi z Niemiec, a znajduje si\u0119 je na mobile.de. To najlepsze miejsce w Europie, \u017ceby kupi\u0107 u\u017cywany samoch\u00f3d, i naj\u0142atwiejsze, \u017ceby za niego przep\u0142aci\u0107. Mniej wi\u0119cej po\u0142owa kupuj\u0105cych w og\u00f3le nie negocjuje.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-more\">Zobacz poradnik &rarr;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<script>\n(function(){\n  var ROOT=document.querySelector('.mrvin-blog-post'); if(!ROOT) return;\n  var I18N={\"readMin\":\"min czytania\",\"copied\":\"Skopiowano\",\"chart1\":{\"inCountry\":\"Sprzedane w obr\u0119bie jednego kraju\",\"crossBorder\":\"Sprzedane mi\u0119dzy krajami UE\",\"ofCars\":\"% aut\"},\"chart2\":{\"before\":\"Przed baz\u0105 danych\",\"after\":\"2024 (z Car-Pass)\",\"cases\":\"przypadk\u00f3w\"},\"rank\":{\"unit\":\"sprawdze\u0144\"},\"calc\":{\"perYear\":\"km \/ rok\",\"typicalFor\":\"Typowo dla tego wieku\",\"thisCar\":\"To auto\",\"difference\":\"R\u00f3\u017cnica\",\"about\":\"mniej wi\u0119cej typowo\",\"pctBelow\":\"% poni\u017cej typowego\",\"pctAbove\":\"% powy\u017cej typowego\",\"rangeLegend\":\"Typowy zakres dla tego wieku\",\"noteValue\":\"Je\u015bli prawdziwy przebieg jest bli\u017cszy {expected} km, brakuj\u0105ce {hidden} km mog\u0105 zawy\u017ca\u0107 cen\u0119 {price} o bardzo z grubsza {est} (oko\u0142o 4 % warto\u015bci na ka\u017cde 10 000 km).\",\"noteHidden\":\"To oko\u0142o {hidden} km poni\u017cej typowego przebiegu. 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