{"id":15615,"date":"2026-08-24T13:46:39","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T11:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T13:46:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T11:46:39","slug":"auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak kupi\u0107 auto na aukcji, mieszkaj\u0105c w Polsce"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n\/* Google Fonts removed 2026-08-21: mrvin-fonts.php self-hosts these exact faces in wp_head, so this was a second request to Google whose only real effect was handing over the visitor IP (GDPR, LG Muenchen I, material in DE\/AT). *\/\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\n.mrvin-blog-post{--ink:#0B1120;--body:#3A4F66;--muted:#64748B;--faint:#94A3B8;--blue:#003399;--blue2:#2563EB;--tint:#DBEAFE;--bg:#FAFBFC;--surface:#FFFFFF;--surface2:#F8FAFC;--border:#E2E8F0;--green:#1D9E75;--red:#E24B4A;--yellow:#FFD21F;--sans:'DM Sans',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--body);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:18px;line-height:1.78;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}\n.mrvin-blog-post *,.mrvin-blog-post *::before,.mrvin-blog-post *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\n.mrvin-blog-post [id]{scroll-margin-top:92px}\n.mrvin-blog-post a{color:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\n.mrvin-blog-post p{margin:0 0 1.5rem}\n\/* layout: sticky ToC left + article *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .layout{max-width:1040px;margin:0 auto;display:flex;gap:48px;align-items:flex-start;padding:96px 24px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .wrap{flex:1 1 auto;max-width:720px;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc-side{flex:0 0 240px;position:sticky;top:92px;align-self:flex-start}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc{border-left:3px solid var(--tint);padding:2px 0 2px 22px;margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc-h{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin:0 0 10px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc li{margin:0 0 9px;padding-left:4px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc a{color:var(--body);transition:color .15s,border-color .15s}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc a:hover{color:var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .toc a.active{color:var(--blue);font-weight:500}\n\/* header *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .badges{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;margin:8px 0 18px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .badge{background:var(--tint);color:var(--blue);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:500;padding:5px 13px;border-radius:20px;letter-spacing:.01em}\n.mrvin-blog-post .date{color:var(--faint);font-size:13.5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .meta-extra{color:var(--faint);font-size:13.5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dot{color:var(--border);margin:0 5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post h1{font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;font-size:46px;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 22px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dek{font-size:21px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 26px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:34px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .avatar{width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:500;font-size:15px;flex:0 0 auto}\n.mrvin-blog-post .byline .name{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;font-size:15px;line-height:1.3}\n.mrvin-blog-post .byline .role{color:var(--faint);font-size:13px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .share{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center;margin-left:auto}\n.mrvin-blog-post .share a,.mrvin-blog-post .share button{width:38px;height:38px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid var(--border);background:var(--surface);color:var(--muted);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;padding:0;transition:.15s}\n.mrvin-blog-post .share a:hover,.mrvin-blog-post .share button:hover{border-color:var(--blue2);color:var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .cover{width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:18px;border:1px solid var(--border);display:block;margin:0 0 14px;background:var(--tint)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .cover-cap{color:var(--faint);font-size:13px;text-align:center;margin:0 0 44px}\n\/* prose *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .lead{font-size:21px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 30px}\n.mrvin-blog-post h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:700;font-size:31px;line-height:1.22;color:var(--ink);margin:52px auto 26px;letter-spacing:-.022em;text-align:center;max-width:700px;text-wrap:balance}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pullquote{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:500;font-size:27px;line-height:1.32;color:var(--blue);border-left:4px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin:38px 0;font-style:italic}\n\/* figure \/ charts *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post figure{margin:38px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;padding:26px 26px 22px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .card h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);font-size:21px;margin:0 0 4px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .card .sub{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin:0 0 20px}\n.mrvin-blog-post figcaption{color:var(--faint);font-size:13px;margin-top:14px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .chart-box{position:relative;width:100%}\n\/* stat strip *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:14px;margin:38px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .stat{background:var(--surface2);border-radius:14px;padding:22px 20px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .stat .num{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:38px;line-height:1;color:var(--blue)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .stat .lbl{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px;line-height:1.45}\n\/* legend *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px;margin-bottom:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .swatch{width:12px;height:12px;border-radius:3px;display:inline-block}\n\/* comparison table (Blocksy borders every cell globally -> hard reset, then re-add) *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15.5px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;overflow:hidden}\n.mrvin-blog-post table th,.mrvin-blog-post table td{border:0!important}\n\/* Translated headers are longer than the English ones, and `overflow:hidden`\n   above (which rounds the corners) was silently CLIPPING the last column on a\n   phone in de\/pl\/ro\/lv -- the \"with a history check\" column, which is the whole\n   point of the table. Let it scroll instead. Desktop is untouched. *\/\n@media (max-width:640px){\n\t.mrvin-blog-post .tbl-scroll{overflow-x:auto}\n\t.mrvin-blog-post .tbl-scroll>table{width:max-content;min-width:100%}\n}\n.mrvin-blog-post thead th{background:var(--blue);color:#fff;font-weight:500;text-align:left;padding:15px 18px;font-size:15px}\n.mrvin-blog-post thead th:last-child{background:var(--blue2);text-align:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post thead th:nth-child(2){text-align:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post tbody td{padding:14px 18px;border-top:1px solid var(--border)!important}\n.mrvin-blog-post tbody td:nth-child(2){text-align:center;color:#9A3636}\n.mrvin-blog-post tbody td:last-child{text-align:center;color:#0F6E56;background:var(--surface2);font-weight:500}\n.mrvin-blog-post .ic{font-weight:600;margin-right:5px}\n\/* progress bar + back to top *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .progress{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;height:6px;width:0;background:var(--blue2);z-index:50;transition:width .08s linear;box-shadow:0 -1px 5px rgba(37,99,235,.4)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .totop{position:fixed;right:22px;bottom:22px;width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s,transform .2s;z-index:40;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,51,153,.3)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .totop.show{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}\n.mrvin-blog-post .totop:hover{background:#00256e;transform:translateY(-2px)}\n\/* TL;DR \/ takeaway *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .takeaway{border-left:4px solid var(--green);background:var(--surface2);border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:16px 20px;margin:34px 0;font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .takeaway b{display:block;color:#0F6E56;font-weight:600;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tldr{background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;padding:24px 26px;margin:34px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .eyebrow{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue2);margin:0 0 14px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tldr ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tldr li{position:relative;padding:0 0 0 28px;margin:0 0 11px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tldr li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tldr li:before{content:\"\\2713\";position:absolute;left:0;top:0;color:var(--green);font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .summary-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(140px,1fr));gap:16px 18px;margin-top:20px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .summary-stats .snum{display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:25px;line-height:1;color:var(--blue)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .summary-stats .slbl{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px;line-height:1.4}\n\/* reveal on scroll *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(16px);transition:opacity .6s ease,transform .6s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none}\n\/* read next (internal crawl mesh, foot of every article) *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .readnext{margin:56px 0 0;padding-top:34px;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .readnext .eyebrow{margin:0 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .readnext-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post a.readnext-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:14px;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:transform .25s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1),box-shadow .25s,border-color .25s}\n.mrvin-blog-post a.readnext-card:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 14px 32px rgba(4,36,63,.12);border-color:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .rn-img{display:block;width:100%;aspect-ratio:16\/9;background:var(--tint) center\/cover no-repeat;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .rn-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:7px;padding:16px 18px 18px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .rn-title{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:19px;line-height:1.28;color:var(--ink)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .rn-dek{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}\n.mrvin-blog-post .rn-more{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--blue2);margin-top:2px}\n@media(max-width:600px){.mrvin-blog-post .readnext-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n\/* ranked model cards (listicle articles) *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .car{border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:34px;margin:46px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-photos{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px;margin:0 0 20px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-photos img{width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid var(--border);display:block;background:var(--tint)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:14px;margin:0 0 6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-rank{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:34px;line-height:1;color:#A9CBF0;flex:0 0 auto}\n\/* compact promo variant: keeps the bear beside the copy instead of wrapping above it *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin.pv-compact .pv-head img{min-width:0;max-width:300px;margin:0 auto}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car h2{margin:0;font-size:29px;text-align:left;max-width:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-spec{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:0;color:var(--faint);font-size:13.5px;margin:0 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-spec b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-spec .sep{display:inline-block;width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:currentColor;opacity:.55;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 10px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults{background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:14px;padding:20px 22px;margin:0 0 20px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults .eyebrow{color:#9A3636;margin:0 0 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults li{position:relative;padding:0 0 0 22px;margin:0 0 11px;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults li:before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:2px;top:9px;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#E24B4A}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-faults li b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-look{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;margin:0 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-look b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-take{border-left:4px solid var(--green);background:var(--surface2);border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:13px 18px;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-take b{color:#0F6E56;font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .car-src{color:var(--faint);font-size:12.5px;margin:0}\n@media(max-width:600px){.mrvin-blog-post .car-photos{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mrvin-blog-post .car h2{font-size:25px}.mrvin-blog-post .car-rank{font-size:28px}}\n\/* mileage calculator *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;padding:24px 26px;margin:36px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);font-size:21px;margin:0 0 4px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc .sub{color:var(--muted);font-size:14.5px;margin:0 0 18px;line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-row{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field{flex:1 1 150px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field label{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field input,.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field select{width:100%;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;padding:11px 13px;font-size:16px;font-family:var(--sans);color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field input:focus,.mrvin-blog-post .calc-field select:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--blue2);background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(37,99,235,.15)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-out{margin-top:20px;padding:20px 22px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);display:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-out.show{display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-verdict{font-weight:600;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 4px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-num{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:30px;line-height:1;display:block;margin-bottom:14px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-bar{position:relative;height:16px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;margin:6px 0;overflow:hidden}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-bar-band{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;background:#9FE1CB}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-bar-mark{position:absolute;top:-3px;bottom:-3px;width:3px;border-radius:2px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-bar-legend{display:flex;gap:16px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-bar-legend .sw{display:inline-block;width:11px;height:11px;border-radius:2px;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:-1px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-metrics{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 14px;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-metrics > div{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-metrics b{display:block;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;margin-top:3px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-msg{margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-src{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--faint);line-height:1.55;margin:14px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .calc-src a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline}\n\/* inline VIN-check promo *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;background:var(--blue);border-radius:16px;padding:24px 28px;margin:42px 0;position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo:before{content:\"\";position:absolute;right:-40px;top:-40px;width:170px;height:170px;border:28px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);border-radius:50%}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-text{position:relative;flex:1 1 280px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;color:#fff;font-size:22px;margin:0 0 5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-sub{color:#B5D4F4;font-size:15px;margin:0;line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-btn{position:relative;flex:0 0 auto;background:#fff;color:var(--blue);font-weight:500;font-size:15px;padding:13px 24px;border-radius:11px;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-btn:hover{background:var(--yellow);color:#0B1120;text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-alt{text-align:center;font-size:14.5px;margin:-28px 0 42px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-alt a{color:var(--blue);font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-alt a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\n\/* VIN-check card with bear illustration *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:18px;padding:24px 26px;margin:42px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-head img{flex:1 1 300px;width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-body{flex:1 1 300px;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);font-size:23px;margin:0 0 6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.5}\n\/* VIN search box \u2014 mirrors the homepage hero input (.mrvin-search-*) *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-box{background:#FFF;border-radius:16px;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.08),0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 0 0 1px var(--border);padding:8px;transition:box-shadow .3s;max-width:480px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .mrvin-search-box{max-width:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-box:focus-within{box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.08),0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.04),0 0 0 2px var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row{display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-input,.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-input:focus{flex:1;min-width:0;width:100%;border:0;outline:none;background:transparent;font-size:16px;font-family:var(--sans);padding:14px 18px;color:var(--ink);border-radius:12px;text-align:left}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-input::placeholder{color:var(--faint)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn{flex:0 0 auto;background:var(--blue2);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:12px;padding:14px 28px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--sans);white-space:nowrap;transition:.2s;line-height:1.2}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn:hover{background:#1D4ED8;transform:translateY(-1px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-hint{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--faint);margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-hint code{background:#F1F5F9;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:4px;font-size:11.5px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-hint .sep{display:inline-block;width:3px;height:3px;border-radius:50%;background:currentColor;opacity:.5;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 9px}\n@media(max-width:640px){.mrvin-blog-post h2{font-size:25px}.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row{flex-direction:column;gap:6px;align-items:stretch}.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn{width:100%;padding:14px}}\n\/* endnote *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .endnote{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:46px;padding-top:26px;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .endnote a{font-weight:500}\n\/* FAQ *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq{margin:54px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq h2{margin-bottom:6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-item{border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding:20px 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-item:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-q{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:20px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .faq-a{margin:0;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--body);line-height:1.7}\n\/* author bio *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .author{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:flex-start;background:var(--surface2);border-radius:16px;padding:22px 24px;margin:50px 0 0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author .av{width:52px;height:52px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;flex:0 0 auto;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:500;font-size:17px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author .nm{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .author p{margin:0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6}\n\/* sources *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:54px;padding-top:26px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources h2{font-size:22px;margin:0 auto 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources li{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sources li b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}\n\/* responsive *\/\n@media(max-width:940px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .layout{display:block;padding:84px 20px 0}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .wrap{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .toc-side{display:none}\n}\n@media(max-width:640px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post h1{font-size:34px}.mrvin-blog-post .lead{font-size:19px}.mrvin-blog-post .dek{font-size:18px}.mrvin-blog-post{font-size:17px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .stats{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mrvin-blog-post .byline{flex-wrap:wrap}.mrvin-blog-post .share{margin-left:0}\n}\n\/* ==== used-car-cost-2026: partner cards, entry points, highlighted CTA ====\n   Everything below is emitted by that article alone, except the two rules\n   scoped under .mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026, which upgrade the summary\n   ticks and the Takeaway label for that article only. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta{margin-top:26px;border-left:3px solid var(--tint);padding:2px 0 2px 22px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25;color:var(--ink);text-align:center;margin:0 0 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-h b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:400}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:10px;padding:10px 12px;margin-bottom:8px;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,background .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta a:hover{background:#fff;border-color:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-ic{flex:0 0 24px;height:24px;border-radius:7px;background:linear-gradient(140deg,#EDF4FE,#DBEAFE);border:1px solid #CBDDF8;color:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-ic svg{width:14px;height:14px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline{margin:16px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline a{font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .jumpline .sep{color:var(--faint);margin:0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar{position:fixed;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:9998;display:none;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.97);border-top:1px solid var(--border);box-shadow:0 -6px 20px rgba(11,17,32,.08);padding:10px 12px;transform:translateY(110%);transition:transform .28s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar.on{transform:translateY(0)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a{flex:1 1 0;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--blue);border-radius:10px;padding:11px 8px;text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a.alt{background:var(--surface2);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--border)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar a svg{width:16px;height:16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-top{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:17px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--ink);text-align:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-h b{color:var(--blue);font-weight:400}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar-row{display:flex;gap:8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mbar button{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);background:none;border:0;color:var(--faint);font-size:20px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;padding:0 2px}\n@media (max-width:1000px){.mrvin-blog-post .mbar{display:flex}}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard{border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;background:var(--surface);padding:20px 22px;margin:38px 0;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,17,32,.04);transition:box-shadow .2s ease,border-color .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard:hover{box-shadow:0 10px 26px rgba(11,17,32,.09);border-color:#CBD8EA}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-ic{flex:0 0 44px;height:44px;border-radius:12px;background:linear-gradient(140deg,#EDF4FE,#DBEAFE);border:1px solid #CBDDF8;color:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-ic svg{width:23px;height:23px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-body{flex:1 1 240px;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-h{font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:700;font-size:20px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 3px;line-height:1.25}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-sub{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn{flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:10px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:15.5px;font-weight:600;padding:12px 20px;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,51,153,.2);transition:background .2s ease,transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover{background:var(--blue2);transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 7px 18px rgba(37,99,235,.28)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot{display:none;margin-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:18px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard.open .pcard-slot{display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard.open .pcard-btn{display:none}\n\/* clickout slot: the Czech partners are links, not embedded widgets, so the\n   revealed slot holds a button-shaped anchor instead of an iframe *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#fff;background:var(--blue);border-radius:12px;padding:14px 18px;text-decoration:none;transition:background .2s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo:hover{background:var(--blue2);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-slot a.pgo svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .partner-disc{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:30px;padding-top:18px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--faint)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .partner-disc b{display:block;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:5px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-body .pv-eyebrow{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue2);margin:0 0 9px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .pv-body .pv-eyebrow svg{width:16px;height:16px;flex:0 0 16px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .mrvin-search-hint{margin:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);background:var(--surface2);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:999px;padding:5px 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-vin .pv-trust svg{width:14px;height:14px;flex:0 0 14px;color:var(--green)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:9px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn svg{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl{display:block;padding:0;border-radius:20px;margin:46px 0 0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#002B80 0%,#003399 46%,#1D4ED8 100%);box-shadow:0 18px 44px rgba(0,51,153,.28)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl:before{right:-56px;top:-56px;width:210px;height:210px;border-width:34px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo.promo-xl:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-70px;bottom:-96px;width:240px;height:240px;border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(255,210,31,.22) 0%,rgba(255,210,31,0) 68%)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-inner{position:relative;z-index:1;padding:30px 32px 28px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-main{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:18px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic{flex:0 0 52px;height:52px;border-radius:15px;color:#fff;background:rgba(255,255,255,.13);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.24);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic svg{width:27px;height:27px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-text{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-eyebrow{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--yellow);margin:0 0 7px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-h{font-size:27px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-sub{font-size:15.5px;max-width:54ch}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;list-style:none;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:13.5px;color:#DCEAFB;background:rgba(255,255,255,.09);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.17);border-radius:999px;padding:6px 13px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-trust svg{width:15px;height:15px;flex:0 0 15px;color:var(--yellow)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:22px 0 0;background:var(--yellow);color:#0B1120;font-weight:700;font-size:16.5px;padding:15px 26px;border-radius:13px;box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.22);transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,background .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover{background:#FFDD4D;color:#0B1120;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 12px 26px rgba(0,0,0,.3);text-decoration:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn svg{width:19px;height:19px;flex:0 0 19px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn .pb-arrow{width:17px;height:17px;flex:0 0 17px;transition:transform .18s ease}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover .pb-arrow{transform:translateX(3px)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt{margin:16px 0 42px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl + .promo-alt svg{width:15px;height:15px;flex:0 0 15px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .src-links{display:block;margin-top:6px}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .tldr li{padding-left:33px}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .tldr li:before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:2px;width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:7px;background:rgba(29,158,117,.11) url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%231D9E75' stroke-width='3' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='m5 12.5 4.6 4.6L19 7'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") center\/13px 13px no-repeat}\n.mrvin-blog-used-car-cost-2026 .takeaway b{padding-left:21px;line-height:1.5;background:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%230F6E56' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.3 18h5.4'\/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.2 21h3.6'\/%3E%3Cpath d='M12 3a6 6 0 0 0-3.5 10.9c.6.5 1 1.2 1 2h5c0-.8.4-1.5 1-2A6 6 0 0 0 12 3Z'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\") left center\/14px 14px no-repeat}\n@media(max-width:600px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-inner{padding:26px 22px 24px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-main{gap:14px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-h{font-size:23px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic{flex:0 0 44px;height:44px;border-radius:13px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-ic svg{width:23px;height:23px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn{width:100%;justify-content:center}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn svg,.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-btn svg{transition:none}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .promo-xl .promo-btn:hover,.mrvin-blog-post .pcard-btn:hover{transform:none}\n}\n\n\/* ---------- VIN \/ plate search box, as on the homepage hero ----------\n   The tabs, the country tile and the validation notes are the shared\n   component from snippet 6; these rules only re-scope its sizing to the\n   narrower article column. *\/\n\/* Rail CTA sub label. The rail in the country editions is a single line link,\n   so .sc-geo had no rule and the second line ran into the first. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .side-cta .sc-geo{display:block;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:400;color:var(--faint);line-height:1.35;margin-top:3px}\n\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tabs{display:flex;gap:4px;padding:2px 4px 8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab{padding:7px 16px;border-radius:8px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;border:0;outline:none;background:transparent;color:var(--faint);font-family:var(--sans);transition:background .2s,color .2s;line-height:1}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab.active{background:var(--tint);color:var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-tab:hover:not(.active){color:var(--body)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row .mrvin-country{align-self:stretch;display:none}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-search-row .mrvin-country.is-active{display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .mrvin-country-tile{height:100%;min-height:52px}\n\n\/* ---------- damage study: data tables ----------\n   .dtable is the plain two or three column figures table. It reuses the\n   base table styling and adds a bar that draws the share inline, so the\n   shape of a distribution is readable without a chart. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable{margin:26px 0 0;font-size:15px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable thead th{background:var(--surface2);color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:12px 16px;text-align:right}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable thead th:first-child{text-align:left}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody td{padding:11px 16px;text-align:right;color:var(--body);white-space:nowrap}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody td:first-child{text-align:left;color:var(--ink);white-space:normal}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.hi td{background:#FFF8E6}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.hi td:first-child{font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable td .bar{display:block;height:5px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--border);margin-top:6px;min-width:64px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable td .bar i{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:3px;background:#A9CBF0}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.hi td .bar i{background:var(--blue2)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .tnote{font-size:13px;color:var(--faint);margin:10px 2px 26px;line-height:1.5}\n.mrvin-blog-post .caveat{border-left:4px solid var(--faint);background:var(--surface2);border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:14px 18px;margin:26px 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .caveat b{color:var(--body)}\n\n\/* ---------- damage study: the two hand drawn figures ----------\n   Both are inline SVG rather than a chart library: the values never change\n   after publication, and inline SVG needs no Chart.js on a page that would\n   otherwise load none. *\/\n.mrvin-blog-post .zonefig svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}\n.mrvin-blog-post .chartfig{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:16px;padding:20px 18px 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .chartfig figcaption{padding:0 6px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 20px;list-style:none;margin:14px 0 0;padding:0;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend i{width:12px;height:12px;border-radius:3px;flex:0 0 12px}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend .l1{background:var(--green)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend .l2{background:var(--yellow)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .sev-legend .l3{background:var(--red)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.s3 td:first-child{box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--red)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.s2 td:first-child{box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--yellow)}\n.mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody tr.s1 td:first-child{box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--green)}\n@media(max-width:600px){\n  .mrvin-blog-post .dtable{font-size:14px}\n  .mrvin-blog-post .dtable tbody td,.mrvin-blog-post .dtable thead th{padding:10px 12px}\n}\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.mrvin-blog-post .reveal{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}html{scroll-behavior:auto}}\n<\/style>\n<noscript><style>.mrvin-blog-post .reveal{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}<\/style><\/noscript>\t<div class=\"mrvin-blog-post mrvin-blog-car-auction-poland\">\n\t\t<div class=\"progress\" id=\"mrvin-blog-progress\"><\/div>\n\t\t<button class=\"totop\" id=\"mrvin-blog-totop\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Back to top\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 19V5\"\/><path d=\"M6 11l6-6 6 6\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t<div class=\"layout\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<aside class=\"toc-side\">\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Spis tre\u015bci\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"toc-h\">W niniejszym artykule<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#where\">Gdzie Polacy naprawd\u0119 kupuj\u0105<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#access\">Po\u015brednik raczej nie jest ci potrzebny<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#cost\">Ile kosztuje auto z niemieckiej aukcji<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#process\">Przebieg, krok po kroku<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#deadlines\">Terminy, kt\u00f3re kosztuj\u0105<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#codes\">Kody uszkodze\u0144<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#words\">S\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re znacz\u0105 mniej<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#asseen\">Sprzedane w stanie widocznym<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#listing\">Dlaczego og\u0142oszenie nie wystarczy<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#us\">Je\u015bli kupujesz w USA<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#checklist\">Lista kontrolna przed licytacj\u0105<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#faq\">Najcz\u0119stsze pytania<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"side-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"sc-h\">Licytujesz auto? <b>Najpierw je sprawd\u017a<\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#vincheck\" data-go=\"vincheck\"><span class=\"sc-ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10.5\" cy=\"10.5\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"m7.6 10.6 2.1 2.1 3.9-4.3\"\/><path d=\"m15.6 15.6 4.4 4.4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>Sprawd\u017a VIN<span class=\"sc-geo\">30+ kraj\u00f3w, w nieca\u0142\u0105 minut\u0119<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/aside>\n\n\t\t<article class=\"wrap content\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"badges\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"badge\">Poradnik zakupowy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"badge\">Polska<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"date\">24 sierpnia 2026<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dot\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"meta-extra\" id=\"mrvin-blog-readtime\">11 min czytania<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h1>Jak kupi\u0107 auto na aukcji, mieszkaj\u0105c w Polsce<\/h1>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"dek\">Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 polskich kupuj\u0105cych zak\u0142ada, \u017ce potrzebuje po\u015brednika i auta ze Stan\u00f3w. Przy aukcjach niemieckich i unijnych \u017cadne z tych dw\u00f3ch nie jest prawd\u0105, a ta jedna r\u00f3\u017cnica decyduje o wi\u0119kszo\u015bci koszt\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"avatar\">MV<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"name\">Zesp\u00f3\u0142 MrVIN<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"role\">Badanie historii pojazd\u00f3w<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"share\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-x\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na X\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-li\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na LinkedIn\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M4.98 3.5C4.98 4.88 3.87 6 2.5 6S0 4.88 0 3.5 1.12 1 2.5 1 4.98 2.12 4.98 3.5zM0 8h5v16H0zM7.5 8h4.78v2.2h.07c.67-1.2 2.3-2.46 4.73-2.46 5.06 0 6 3.33 6 7.66V24h-5v-6.78c0-1.62-.03-3.7-2.25-3.7-2.26 0-2.6 1.76-2.6 3.58V24h-5z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-fb\" href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-label=\"Udost\u0119pnij na Facebooku\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M24 12.07C24 5.4 18.63 0 12 0S0 5.4 0 12.07c0 6.02 4.39 11.01 10.13 11.93v-8.44H7.08v-3.49h3.05V9.41c0-3.02 1.79-4.69 4.53-4.69 1.31 0 2.68.24 2.68.24v2.97h-1.51c-1.49 0-1.95.93-1.95 1.88v2.26h3.32l-.53 3.49h-2.79v8.44C19.61 23.08 24 18.09 24 12.07z\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"mrvin-blog-sh-copy\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Skopiuj link\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M9.5 14.5l5-5\"\/><path d=\"M11 6.5l.7-.7a3.5 3.5 0 015 5l-2.2 2.2\"\/><path d=\"M13 17.5l-.7.7a3.5 3.5 0 01-5-5l2.2-2.2\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/auction\/auction-hero.webp\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" alt=\"Mi\u015b MrVIN podnosi tabliczk\u0119 licytacyjn\u0105 na aukcji samochodowej\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"cover-cap\">Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 europejskich kupuj\u0105cych nigdy nie siedzi w takiej sali. Licytuj\u0105 przez po\u015brednika, bo licencja nie jest ich.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"lead\">Niemcy to kierunek, z kt\u00f3rego pochodzi wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 polskiego importu, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/blog\/car-auction-germany\/\">tamtejsze aukcje pouszkodzeniowe<\/a> s\u0105 otwarte dla polskich klient\u00f3w indywidualnych bezpo\u015brednio. Oto jak to dzia\u0142a, czego nie obejmuje cena m\u0142otkowa i co si\u0119 zmienia, je\u015bli zdecydujesz si\u0119 na Ameryk\u0119.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tldr\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"eyebrow\">W skr\u00f3cie<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Aukcje pouszkodzeniowe w Niemczech i UE przyjmuj\u0105 rejestracje os\u00f3b prywatnych. Bez licencji, bez po\u015brednika.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Zakup w UE oznacza brak c\u0142a, brak VAT importowego i brak frachtu morskiego.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Droga przez USA wymaga po\u015brednika i sprowadza auto za 10,000 do kwoty oko\u0142o 18,550.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>P\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 jest wymagana w dniach, nie tygodniach, a kary s\u0105 dotkliwe.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>Kody uszkodze\u0144 nadaje si\u0119 r\u0119cznie, s\u0105 tylko pogl\u0105dowe i cz\u0119sto bywaj\u0105 b\u0142\u0119dne.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"jumpline\">Przejd\u017a do: <a href=\"#vincheck\" data-go=\"vincheck\">sprawd\u017a auto teraz<\/a><span class=\"sep\"><\/span><a href=\"#access\">czy potrzebujesz po\u015brednika?<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"mbar-trigger\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Obserwujesz ju\u017c jak\u0105\u015b pozycj\u0119? Karta aukcyjna m\u00f3wi, co zadeklarowa\u0142 sprzedaj\u0105cy. Sprawdzenie historii m\u00f3wi, co naprawd\u0119 sta\u0142o si\u0119 z autem, zanim trafi\u0142o na plac.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-vin pv-compact\" id=\"vincheck\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pv-head\">\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/auction\/auction-bear-inspect.webp\" width=\"900\" height=\"486\" alt=\"Mi\u015b MrVIN ogl\u0105da komor\u0119 silnika przez lup\u0119\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pv-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Sprawd\u017a je, zanim zalicytujesz<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karta aukcyjna m\u00f3wi, co zadeklarowa\u0142 sprzedaj\u0105cy. Sprawdzenie historii m\u00f3wi, co sta\u0142o si\u0119 z autem, zanim trafi\u0142o na plac.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<style>\n\/* Country tile \u2014 anchored on the left of the input on every viewport *\/\n.mrvin-country{position:relative;flex:0 0 auto;display:none}\n.mrvin-country.is-active{display:block}\n.mrvin-country-tile{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:54px;height:54px;border:none;border-radius:10px;background:#003399;color:#FFF;cursor:pointer;padding:6px 4px;gap:2px;font-family:inherit;line-height:1;transition:transform .15s ease,box-shadow .15s ease}\n.mrvin-country-tile:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(0,51,153,.25)}\n.mrvin-country-tile-stars{display:block;width:22px;height:22px}\n.mrvin-country-tile-code{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.3px;color:#FFF;font-family:'DM Sans',-apple-system,sans-serif}\n.mrvin-country-tile.is-empty .mrvin-country-tile-code{font-size:18px;color:#FFEB30}\n\n\/* Dropdown is portaled to <body> on open and positioned with position:fixed,\n   so no ancestor's overflow:hidden \/ transform creates a containing block\n   that clips it. JS sets top\/left from the tile's bounding rect. *\/\n.mrvin-country-dropdown{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;background:#FFF;border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.16);padding:6px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(-8px);transition:opacity .18s ease,visibility .18s ease,transform .18s ease;z-index:99999;min-width:260px;max-height:340px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-family:'DM Sans',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}\n.mrvin-country-dropdown.is-open{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0)}\n.mrvin-country-search-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;margin:4px 4px 6px;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid #E2E8F0;border-radius:6px;background:#F8FAFC;flex:none;transition:border-color .15s ease,background .15s ease}\n.mrvin-country-search-wrap:focus-within{border-color:#2563EB;background:#FFF}\n.mrvin-country-search-icon{flex:none;width:12px;height:12px;background:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%2394A3B8' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'><circle cx='11' cy='11' r='7'\/><line x1='20' y1='20' x2='16.65' y2='16.65'\/><\/svg>\") center\/contain no-repeat;pointer-events:none}\n.mrvin-country-dropdown input.mrvin-country-search,.mrvin-country-dropdown input.mrvin-country-search:focus,.mrvin-country-dropdown input.mrvin-country-search:hover{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;width:100%;border:none!important;outline:none!important;background:transparent!important;background-color:transparent!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-appearance:none!important;appearance:none!important;padding:6px 0!important;margin:0!important;height:auto!important;font-size:12px;font-family:inherit;color:#0B1120;line-height:normal}\n.mrvin-country-dropdown input.mrvin-country-search::placeholder{color:#94A3B8}\n.mrvin-country-options{flex:1;overflow-y:auto;padding:4px 2px}\n.mrvin-country-option{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;width:100%;padding:8px 10px;border-radius:8px;border:none;background:transparent;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;color:#475569;cursor:pointer;text-align:left}\n.mrvin-country-option:hover{background:#F1F5F9}\n.mrvin-country-option.is-selected{background:#EFF6FF;color:#2563EB;font-weight:600}\n.mrvin-country-option.is-hidden{display:none}\n.mrvin-country-option-flag{flex:none;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:28px;height:20px;border-radius:3px;background:#003399}\n.mrvin-country-option-flag svg{width:14px;height:14px}\n.mrvin-country-option-name{flex:1;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}\n.mrvin-country-option-code{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;color:#94A3B8;letter-spacing:.3px}\n.mrvin-country-option.is-selected .mrvin-country-option-code{color:#2563EB}\n.mrvin-country-empty{padding:14px 12px;font-size:12px;color:#94A3B8;text-align:center;display:none}\n.mrvin-country-empty.is-visible{display:block}\n.mrvin-country-error{display:none;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#DC2626;margin:8px 4px 0}\n.mrvin-country-error.is-visible{display:block}\n.mrvin-vin-note{display:none;text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:#DC2626;margin:8px 4px 0}\n.mrvin-vin-note.is-visible{display:block}\n.mrvin-vin-note.is-ok{display:block;color:#0BA800}\n.mrvin-vin-bypass{display:none;margin:6px 4px 0;padding:0;background:none;border:none;color:#003399;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit}\n.mrvin-vin-bypass.is-visible{display:inline-block}\n.mrvin-search-input.mrvin-error,.mrvin-cta-input.mrvin-error{outline:2px solid #DC2626;outline-offset:1px}\n\n\/* Mobile: keep tile + input side-by-side, button breaks to its own row.\n   Overrides the row\u2192column flex switch in the existing form CSS. *\/\n@media(max-width:767px){\n  .mrvin-country-tile{width:48px;height:48px}\n  .mrvin-country-dropdown{min-width:0;width:calc(100vw - 24px);max-width:340px;max-height:60vh}\n  \/* 16px on any focusable text field: iOS Safari auto-zooms the page when a\n     focused input's font-size is below 16px *\/\n  .mrvin-country-dropdown input.mrvin-country-search{font-size:16px}\n  .mrvin-search-row,.mrvin-cta-row{flex-direction:row!important;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}\n  .mrvin-search-row .mrvin-country,.mrvin-cta-row .mrvin-country{order:0}\n  .mrvin-search-box input.mrvin-search-input,.mrvin-cta .mrvin-cta-search-box input.mrvin-cta-input{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;order:1;text-align:left}\n  .mrvin-search-btn,.mrvin-cta .mrvin-cta-btn{flex:0 0 100%;width:100%;order:2}\n}\n<\/style>\n<svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n  <symbol id=\"mrvin-eu-stars\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n    <g fill=\"#FFEB30\">\n      <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"5\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"5.94\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"18.06\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"12\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"18.06\" cy=\"15.5\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"15.5\" cy=\"18.06\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"18.06\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"5.94\" cy=\"15.5\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"5.94\" cy=\"8.5\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n      <circle cx=\"8.5\" cy=\"5.94\" r=\"1.1\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n  <\/symbol>\n  <!-- Union Jack for GB plates. Post-Brexit UK plates keep the blue band but carry the national\n       flag and \"GB\" instead of the EU circle of stars. 3:2 viewBox so it letterboxes neatly inside\n       the same square slot the stars use (preserveAspectRatio defaults to meet). Diagonals are\n       drawn full-bleed and clipped by the viewport, white beneath red, then the St George cross\n       on top \u2014 the standard layer order. -->\n  <symbol id=\"mrvin-gb-flag\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 16\">\n    <rect width=\"24\" height=\"16\" fill=\"#012169\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0 0 L24 16 M24 0 L0 16\" stroke=\"#FFF\" stroke-width=\"3.2\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M0 0 L24 16 M24 0 L0 16\" stroke=\"#C8102E\" stroke-width=\"1.8\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M12 0 V16 M0 8 H24\" stroke=\"#FFF\" stroke-width=\"5.2\"\/>\n    <path d=\"M12 0 V16 M0 8 H24\" stroke=\"#C8102E\" stroke-width=\"3.1\"\/>\n  <\/symbol>\n<\/svg>\n<script>\nwindow.mrvinCountries = [{\"iso\":\"AT\",\"plate\":\"A\",\"name\":\"Austria\",\"ph\":\"W-1234 AB\"},{\"iso\":\"BE\",\"plate\":\"B\",\"name\":\"Belgia\",\"ph\":\"1-ABC-123\"},{\"iso\":\"BG\",\"plate\":\"BG\",\"name\":\"Bu\\u0142garia\",\"ph\":\"A 1234 BC\"},{\"iso\":\"CY\",\"plate\":\"CY\",\"name\":\"Cypr\",\"ph\":\"ABC 123\"},{\"iso\":\"CZ\",\"plate\":\"CZ\",\"name\":\"Czechy\",\"ph\":\"1A2 3456\"},{\"iso\":\"DE\",\"plate\":\"D\",\"name\":\"Niemcy\",\"ph\":\"B-AB 1234\"},{\"iso\":\"DK\",\"plate\":\"DK\",\"name\":\"Dania\",\"ph\":\"AB 12 345\"},{\"iso\":\"EE\",\"plate\":\"EST\",\"name\":\"Estonia\",\"ph\":\"123 ABC\"},{\"iso\":\"ES\",\"plate\":\"E\",\"name\":\"Hiszpania\",\"ph\":\"1234 ABC\"},{\"iso\":\"FI\",\"plate\":\"FIN\",\"name\":\"Finlandia\",\"ph\":\"ABC-123\"},{\"iso\":\"FR\",\"plate\":\"F\",\"name\":\"Francja\",\"ph\":\"AB-123-CD\"},{\"iso\":\"GB\",\"plate\":\"GB\",\"name\":\"Wielka Brytania\",\"ph\":\"AB12 CDE\"},{\"iso\":\"GR\",\"plate\":\"GR\",\"name\":\"Grecja\",\"ph\":\"ABC 1234\"},{\"iso\":\"HU\",\"plate\":\"H\",\"name\":\"W\\u0119gry\",\"ph\":\"ABC-123\"},{\"iso\":\"IE\",\"plate\":\"IRL\",\"name\":\"Irlandia\",\"ph\":\"12 D 1234\"},{\"iso\":\"IT\",\"plate\":\"I\",\"name\":\"W\\u0142ochy\",\"ph\":\"AB 123 CD\"},{\"iso\":\"LT\",\"plate\":\"LT\",\"name\":\"Litwa\",\"ph\":\"ABC 123\"},{\"iso\":\"LU\",\"plate\":\"L\",\"name\":\"Luksemburg\",\"ph\":\"AB 1234\"},{\"iso\":\"LV\",\"plate\":\"LV\",\"name\":\"\\u0141otwa\",\"ph\":\"AB-1234\"},{\"iso\":\"MT\",\"plate\":\"M\",\"name\":\"Malta\",\"ph\":\"ABC 123\"},{\"iso\":\"NL\",\"plate\":\"NL\",\"name\":\"Holandia\",\"ph\":\"12-AB-34\"},{\"iso\":\"PL\",\"plate\":\"PL\",\"name\":\"Polska\",\"ph\":\"WA 12345\"},{\"iso\":\"PT\",\"plate\":\"P\",\"name\":\"Portugalia\",\"ph\":\"12-AB-34\"},{\"iso\":\"RO\",\"plate\":\"RO\",\"name\":\"Rumunia\",\"ph\":\"B 12 ABC\"},{\"iso\":\"SE\",\"plate\":\"S\",\"name\":\"Szwecja\",\"ph\":\"ABC 123\"},{\"iso\":\"SI\",\"plate\":\"SLO\",\"name\":\"S\\u0142owenia\",\"ph\":\"LJ AB-123\"},{\"iso\":\"SK\",\"plate\":\"SK\",\"name\":\"S\\u0142owacja\",\"ph\":\"BA 123 AB\"}];\nwindow.mrvinPlateCountries = [\"ES\",\"FR\",\"IT\",\"LV\",\"PT\"];\nwindow.mrvinPlateIntentUrl = \"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/wp-admin\\\/admin-ajax.php\";\nwindow.mrvinCountryStrings = {\"select\":\"Wybierz kraj\",\"pick\":\"Najpierw wybierz kraj\",\"genericPh\":\"Wprowad\\u017a numer rejestracyjny\",\"plateUnsupported\":\"W kraju %country% nie ma jeszcze mo\\u017cliwo\\u015bci wyszukiwania na podstawie numeru rejestracyjnego. Aby uzyska\\u0107 dok\\u0142adniejszy raport, prosimy o podanie numeru VIN. \",\"plateUnsupportedOk\":\"OK\",\"vinErrEmpty\":\"Wprowad\\u017a numer VIN.\",\"vinErrLength\":\"Numer VIN musi sk\\u0142ada\\u0107 si\\u0119 dok\\u0142adnie z 17 znak\\u00f3w.\",\"vinErrChars\":\"Numer VIN nie mo\\u017ce zawiera\\u0107 liter I, O ani Q.\",\"vinErrInvalid\":\"Ten numer VIN wydaje si\\u0119 nieprawid\\u0142owy. Prosz\\u0119 go sprawdzi\\u0107 jeszcze raz. \",\"vinErrBypass\":\"Jeste\\u015b pewien, \\u017ce to si\\u0119 zgadza? W ka\\u017cdym razie spr\\u00f3buj wyszuka\\u0107. \",\"vinOk\":\"Numer VIN wygl\\u0105da na prawid\\u0142owy\",\"plateErrEmpty\":\"Wprowad\\u017a numer rejestracyjny.\",\"plateErrLength\":\"Ta tablica rejestracyjna wydaje si\\u0119 za kr\\u00f3tka albo za d\\u0142uga.\",\"plateErrGb\":\"To nie wygl\\u0105da na brytyjsk\\u0105 tablic\\u0119 rejestracyjn\\u0105 \\u2014 zazwyczaj maj\\u0105 one posta\\u0107 AB12 CDE.\",\"plateErrBe\":\"This looks like a Belgian number plate. Belgian plates cannot be checked here. Please use the VIN for a more accurate report.\",\"plateErrBypass\":\"Na pewno to si\\u0119 zgadza? Wyszukaj mimo wszystko. \",\"plateSeriesPT\":\"Number-plate lookups in Portugal currently work only for plates in the 12-AB-34 format, issued between 2005 and 2020. For any other Portuguese plate, please use the VIN for an accurate report.\"};\n(function(){\n  var SS_KEY = 'mrvinPlateCountryIso';\n  var BY_ISO = {};\n  (window.mrvinCountries||[]).forEach(function(c){BY_ISO[c.iso]=c});\n\n  \/\/ Per-brand active plate countries (ISO-2) from the API. Picking a country NOT in this set\n  \/\/ shows a popup steering the user to the VIN instead of a doomed plate lookup.\n  var ACTIVE_PLATE = {};\n  (window.mrvinPlateCountries||[]).forEach(function(iso){ ACTIVE_PLATE[String(iso).toUpperCase()] = true; });\n  function isPlateCountryActive(iso){ return !!ACTIVE_PLATE[String(iso||'').toUpperCase()]; }\n\n  \/\/ Countries that are ACTIVE but resolve only some of their registration series. Portugal is the\n  \/\/ only one: its 2005-2020 series (12-AB-34) resolves, while the pre-1992, 1992-2005 and current\n  \/\/ post-March-2020 series are all refused on format upstream, unbilled and unanswerable.\n  \/\/\n  \/\/ This mirrors PlateNormalizer.CIVILIAN_FORMATS' PT entry on purpose. The SERVER is the authority\n  \/\/ \u2014 WebVehicleServiceImpl.getPlatePreview refuses the same shapes at the one door every plate\n  \/\/ lookup passes through, so editing or disabling this JS changes nothing about what gets called.\n  \/\/ Keeping a copy here is only so the visitor is told immediately, in their own language, instead\n  \/\/ of watching a search fail.\n  var SERIES_LIMITED = { PT: \/^[0-9]{2}[A-Z]{2}[0-9]{2}$\/ };\n  function seriesSupported(iso, raw){\n    var re = SERIES_LIMITED[String(iso||'').toUpperCase()];\n    if (!re) return true;\n    return re.test(String(raw||'').toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]\/g, ''));\n  }\n  function seriesMessage(iso){\n    var s = window.mrvinCountryStrings || {};\n    return String(iso||'').toUpperCase() === 'PT' ? s.plateSeriesPT : null;\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Fire-and-forget demand tracking: which plate countries visitors try, and plate-mode entry.\n  \/\/ The server (vp_plate_intent) computes the enabled flag + upserts a counter. Never blocks UI.\n  function trackPlateIntent(key){\n    try {\n      var url = window.mrvinPlateIntentUrl;\n      if (!url || !key) return;\n      var fd = new FormData();\n      fd.append('action', 'vp_plate_intent');\n      fd.append('intent', key);\n      if (navigator.sendBeacon) navigator.sendBeacon(url, fd);\n      else fetch(url, { method: 'POST', body: fd, keepalive: true, credentials: 'same-origin' });\n    } catch (e) {}\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Funnel-top counter: fire once per real (validated) lookup submit, just before\n  \/\/ the GET navigation to \/checkout\/. Server (vp_search_event) bumps a daily counter\n  \/\/ by mode + AB variant. sendBeacon survives the navigation; never blocks it.\n  function trackSearchSubmit(mode){\n    try {\n      var url = window.mrvinPlateIntentUrl; \/\/ shared admin-ajax endpoint\n      if (!url) return;\n      var fd = new FormData();\n      fd.append('action', 'vp_search_event');\n      fd.append('mode', mode === 'plate' ? 'plate' : 'vin');\n      if (navigator.sendBeacon) navigator.sendBeacon(url, fd);\n      else fetch(url, { method: 'POST', body: fd, keepalive: true, credentials: 'same-origin' });\n    } catch (e) {}\n  }\n  \/\/ One delegated listener in the bubble phase, so it runs AFTER each box's own\n  \/\/ validation handler: e.defaultPrevented is true when validation blocked the\n  \/\/ submit, so we only count searches that actually navigate. Covers the hero,\n  \/\/ bottom-CTA and sticky forms (all carry .mrvin-search-row \/ .mrvin-cta-row).\n  document.addEventListener('submit', function(e){\n    var f = e.target;\n    if (!f || !f.classList || e.defaultPrevented) return;\n    if (!f.classList.contains('mrvin-search-row') && !f.classList.contains('mrvin-cta-row')) return;\n    var plate = f.querySelector('input[name=\"plate\"]');\n    trackSearchSubmit(plate ? 'plate' : 'vin');\n  }, false);\n\n  \/\/ Switch a search box to VIN mode by clicking its VIN tab \u2014 this fires the box's own mode\n  \/\/ handler (updates input name\/placeholder\/maxlength\/button + hides the country tile).\n  function selectVinMode(box){\n    var v = box && box.querySelector('[data-mode=\"vin\"]');\n    if (v) v.click();\n  }\n\n  \/\/ A pasted VIN must never be submitted as a plate.\n  \/\/\n  \/\/ The plate field caps its length, so pasting a 17-character VIN used to leave a TRUNCATED\n  \/\/ fragment sitting in the box, which looks like a plate, submits like a plate, and costs a\n  \/\/ metered registry call that cannot possibly match. Every plate lookup of 14-15 characters ever\n  \/\/ recorded was this, and not one resolved. Reacting on `paste` is what makes it fixable: the\n  \/\/ clipboard text is readable here in full, BEFORE maxlength truncates it, so the VIN can be kept\n  \/\/ whole instead of being repaired after the damage.\n  \/\/\n  \/\/ Delegated at the document rather than bound per box: there are three search boxes (hero CTA,\n  \/\/ section, sticky) each initialised in its own script block, and a future fourth would silently\n  \/\/ miss a per-box binding. The flag is because this snippet is not the only one that renders a\n  \/\/ plate box \u2014 the v2 landing page and the blog rail ship their own copy \u2014 so whichever loads\n  \/\/ first wins and the rest no-op. 17 alphanumerics is the VIN's own definition, so this cannot\n  \/\/ misfire on a real registration \u2014 the longest that has ever resolved is 8 characters.\n  if (!window.__mrvinPlatePasteGuard) {\n   window.__mrvinPlatePasteGuard = 1;\n   document.addEventListener('paste', function(e){\n    var input = e.target;\n    if (!input || input.tagName !== 'INPUT') return;\n      if (input.name !== 'plate' && input.name !== 'userPlate') return;  \/\/ funnel names it userPlate\n    var box = input.closest('.mrvin-search-box, .mrvin-cta, .mrvin-sticky-wrap, form');\n    if (!box) return;\n    var cb = e.clipboardData || window.clipboardData;\n    if (!cb) return;\n    var raw = String(cb.getData('text') || '').toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]\/g, '');\n    if (raw.length !== 17) return;                      \/\/ not a VIN \u2014 let the paste through\n    e.preventDefault();\n    selectVinMode(box);                                 \/\/ flips name\/placeholder\/maxlength\/button\n    input.value = raw;\n    input.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', { bubbles: true }));\n   }, false);\n  }\n\n  \/\/ msgOverride lets a served country reuse this dialog to say something more specific \u2014 today\n  \/\/ only Portugal, whose plates resolve for one registration series and not the rest. The OK button\n  \/\/ switches the box to VIN mode either way, which is the whole point of showing it.\n  function showPlateUnsupported(iso, box, msgOverride){\n    if (document.getElementById('mrvin-plate-unsupported')) return; \/\/ already open\n    var c = BY_ISO[iso] || null;\n    var name = c ? c.name : iso;\n    var strings = window.mrvinCountryStrings || {};\n    var tmpl = msgOverride || strings.plateUnsupported\n      || 'Number-plate lookups aren\\'t supported in %country% yet. Please use the VIN for a more accurate report.';\n    var overlay = document.createElement('div');\n    overlay.id = 'mrvin-plate-unsupported';\n    overlay.setAttribute('role', 'dialog');\n    overlay.setAttribute('aria-modal', 'true');\n    overlay.style.cssText = 'position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(0,12,40,.55);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:20px';\n    var card = document.createElement('div');\n    card.style.cssText = 'max-width:420px;width:100%;background:#fff;border-radius:14px;padding:24px;box-shadow:0 18px 50px rgba(0,12,40,.35);font-family:inherit;text-align:center';\n    var p = document.createElement('p');\n    p.style.cssText = 'margin:0 0 18px;color:#0b1f3a;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5';\n    p.textContent = tmpl.replace('%country%', name);\n    var btn = document.createElement('button');\n    btn.type = 'button';\n    btn.textContent = strings.plateUnsupportedOk || 'OK';\n    btn.style.cssText = 'border:none;border-radius:10px;background:#003399;color:#fff;font-weight:700;font-size:14px;padding:10px 28px;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit';\n    function close(){ if (overlay.parentNode) overlay.parentNode.removeChild(overlay); }\n    \/\/ OK confirms the suggestion: switch to VIN mode, then close.\n    btn.addEventListener('click', function(){ selectVinMode(box); close(); });\n    overlay.addEventListener('click', function(e){ if (e.target === overlay) close(); });\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', function onEsc(e){ if (e.key === 'Escape'){ close(); document.removeEventListener('keydown', onEsc); } });\n    card.appendChild(p); card.appendChild(btn); overlay.appendChild(card);\n    document.body.appendChild(overlay);\n    btn.focus();\n  }\n\n  function readStored(){\n    try { return sessionStorage.getItem(SS_KEY) || ''; }\n    catch(e){ return ''; }\n  }\n  function writeStored(iso){\n    try { iso ? sessionStorage.setItem(SS_KEY, iso) : sessionStorage.removeItem(SS_KEY); }\n    catch(e){ \/* private mode etc *\/ }\n  }\n  function isPlateMode(box){\n    var t = box && box.querySelector('[data-mode=\"plate\"]');\n    return !!(t && t.classList.contains('active'));\n  }\n  function findInput(scope){\n    return scope.querySelector('.mrvin-search-input,.mrvin-cta-input');\n  }\n  function findForm(scope){\n    return scope.querySelector('.mrvin-search-row,.mrvin-cta-row');\n  }\n  function findHiddenIso(form){\n    return form && form.querySelector('input[name=\"country_iso\"]');\n  }\n\n  \/\/ ---- VIN validation (mirrors vinscreener) ------------------------------------------------\n  \/\/ Exactly 17 chars after stripping separators. North-American VINs (first char 1-5) get full\n  \/\/ ISO check-digit validation; European \/ other VINs only need a valid 17-char charset (they\n  \/\/ don't carry a check digit). Returns {valid:true} or {valid:false, reason, error}.\n  var VIN_TRANSLIT = {A:1,B:2,C:3,D:4,E:5,F:6,G:7,H:8,J:1,K:2,L:3,M:4,N:5,P:7,R:9,S:2,T:3,U:4,V:5,W:6,X:7,Y:8,Z:9,'0':0,'1':1,'2':2,'3':3,'4':4,'5':5,'6':6,'7':7,'8':8,'9':9};\n  var VIN_WEIGHTS = [8,7,6,5,4,3,2,10,0,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2];\n  function vinStr(k, fallback){ var s = window.mrvinCountryStrings || {}; return s[k] || fallback; }\n  function validateVin(raw){\n    var vin = String(raw || '').toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]\/g, '');\n    if (vin.length !== 17) return { valid:false, reason:'length', error: vinStr('vinErrLength', 'A VIN must be exactly 17 characters.') };\n    if (\/[IOQ]\/.test(vin))  return { valid:false, reason:'chars',  error: vinStr('vinErrChars',  'A VIN cannot contain the letters I, O or Q.') };\n    if (!\/^[A-HJ-NPR-Z0-9]{17}$\/.test(vin)) return { valid:false, reason:'chars', error: vinStr('vinErrInvalid', 'This VIN doesn\\'t look right. Please double-check it.') };\n    \/\/ North-American check digit (position 9). EU \/ other VINs skip it.\n    if (\/^[1-5]\/.test(vin)) {\n      var sum = 0;\n      for (var i = 0; i < 17; i++) {\n        var val = VIN_TRANSLIT[vin.charAt(i)];\n        if (val === undefined) return { valid:false, reason:'chars', error: vinStr('vinErrInvalid', 'This VIN doesn\\'t look right. Please double-check it.') };\n        sum += val * VIN_WEIGHTS[i];\n      }\n      var rem = sum % 11, expected = rem === 10 ? 'X' : String(rem);\n      if (vin.charAt(8) !== expected) return { valid:false, reason:'check_digit', error: vinStr('vinErrInvalid', 'This VIN doesn\\'t look right. Please double-check it.') };\n    }\n    return { valid:true };\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Sanity-check a number plate. Deliberately LENIENT, and nothing here is authoritative \u2014 the\n  \/\/ caller offers a \"search anyway\" bypass exactly as the VIN path does.\n  \/\/\n  \/\/ We do NOT match the standard UK shapes (AA00AAA \/ A000AAA \/ AAA000A \/ dateless \/ NI). Cherished\n  \/\/ and personalised registrations legitimately take forms those patterns don't describe, and\n  \/\/ wrongly turning away a real customer's plate is far worse than passing a doomed lookup to the\n  \/\/ API \u2014 which costs nothing anyway, since the registry rejects a malformed term unbilled.\n  \/\/ So this only catches input that cannot be a registration at all: wrong length, or \u2014 for GB \u2014\n  \/\/ no digit anywhere. Every UK registration format issued to date contains at least one digit,\n  \/\/ which is what separates a typo like \"IIYUN\" from a genuine cherished plate.\n  function validatePlate(raw, iso){\n    var p = String(raw || '').toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]\/g, '');\n    if (!p)                      return { valid:false, error: vinStr('plateErrEmpty',  'Please enter a number plate.') };\n    if (p.length < 2 || p.length > 8) return { valid:false, error: vinStr('plateErrLength', 'That number plate looks too short or too long.') };\n    if (String(iso || '').toUpperCase() === 'GB' && !\/[0-9]\/.test(p)) {\n      return { valid:false, error: vinStr('plateErrGb', 'That doesn\\'t look like a UK number plate \u2014 they normally look like AB12 CDE.') };\n    }\n    \/\/ Belgium's current series is 1-ABC-123, which compacts to the same 1+3+3 spelling a\n    \/\/ long-tail French FNI plate can take. Scoped to FR because that is the only market whose\n    \/\/ spelling collides; on IT and ES the shape means nothing, so a plain miss is already honest.\n    \/\/\n    \/\/ Belgium is not a plate market and is not one call away from becoming one: Belgian plates\n    \/\/ follow the OWNER, not the car, so the plate on a car for sale leaves with the seller and\n    \/\/ the registry is closed to us anyway. Measured 2026-08-24 over 30 days: 39 Belgian visitors\n    \/\/ typed exactly this shape into the French box and NOT ONE resolved; 0 for 31 across all\n    \/\/ traffic. Sending it costs a metered call and an ~8s wait to reach \"not found\".\n    \/\/\n    \/\/ Lenient like everything else here: the \"search anyway\" bypass still lets a genuine FNI\n    \/\/ holder through, which is why this is advice rather than a format verdict.\n    if (String(iso || '').toUpperCase() === 'FR' && \/^[0-9][A-Z]{3}[0-9]{3}$\/.test(p)) {\n      return { valid:false, error: vinStr('plateErrBe', 'This looks like a Belgian number plate. Belgian plates cannot be checked here. Please use the VIN for a more accurate report.') };\n    }\n    return { valid:true };\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Lazily build the per-box error note + \"search anyway\" bypass link (appended below the form).\n  function ensureVinUi(box){\n    if (box.__mrvinVinUi) return box.__mrvinVinUi;\n    var note = document.createElement('p');\n    note.className = 'mrvin-vin-note';\n    note.setAttribute('role', 'alert');\n    note.setAttribute('aria-live', 'polite');\n    var bypass = document.createElement('button');\n    bypass.type = 'button';\n    bypass.className = 'mrvin-vin-bypass';\n    bypass.textContent = vinStr('vinErrBypass', 'Are you sure it\\'s correct? Search anyway.');\n    bypass.addEventListener('click', function(){\n      var form = findForm(box);\n      \/\/ One button serves both modes; the submit handler only reads the flag for the mode it is\n      \/\/ in, so setting both is harmless and saves duplicating the whole note\/bypass UI.\n      box.__mrvinVinBypass = true;   \/\/ let the next submit through unvalidated\n      box.__mrvinPlateBypass = true;\n      clearVinError(box);\n      if (form) { if (typeof form.requestSubmit === 'function') form.requestSubmit(); else form.submit(); }\n    });\n    \/\/ Place the note + bypass directly below the search pill (before the example hint), so the\n    \/\/ box's own rounded\/padded layout is untouched.\n    var parent = box.parentNode;\n    if (parent) { parent.insertBefore(note, box.nextSibling); parent.insertBefore(bypass, note.nextSibling); }\n    else { box.appendChild(note); box.appendChild(bypass); }\n    box.__mrvinVinUi = { note: note, bypass: bypass };\n    return box.__mrvinVinUi;\n  }\n  function showVinError(box, msg){\n    var ui = ensureVinUi(box);\n    ui.note.textContent = msg;\n    ui.note.classList.remove('is-ok');\n    ui.note.classList.add('is-visible');\n    var inp = findInput(box); if (inp) inp.classList.add('mrvin-error');\n  }\n  \/\/ Live positive state: a complete valid VIN flips the note green while typing,\n  \/\/ so the visitor knows the search will go through before pressing the button.\n  function showVinOk(box){\n    var ui = ensureVinUi(box);\n    ui.note.textContent = vinStr('vinOk', 'VIN looks good');\n    ui.note.classList.remove('is-visible');\n    ui.note.classList.add('is-ok');\n  }\n  function showVinBypass(box){\n    var ui = ensureVinUi(box);\n    ui.bypass.textContent = vinStr('vinErrBypass', 'Are you sure it\\'s correct? Search anyway.');\n    ui.bypass.classList.add('is-visible');\n  }\n  \/\/ Same control, plate wording \u2014 the escape hatch for a cherished plate our heuristic rejects.\n  function showPlateBypass(box){\n    var ui = ensureVinUi(box);\n    ui.bypass.textContent = vinStr('plateErrBypass', 'Sure it\\'s correct? Search anyway.');\n    ui.bypass.classList.add('is-visible');\n  }\n  function clearVinError(box){\n    var ui = box.__mrvinVinUi; if (!ui) return;\n    ui.note.classList.remove('is-visible');\n    ui.note.classList.remove('is-ok');\n    ui.bypass.classList.remove('is-visible');\n    var inp = findInput(box); if (inp) inp.classList.remove('mrvin-error');\n  }\n\n  \/\/ Track the currently open instance so window-level scroll\/resize can re-anchor it.\n  var openInstance = null;\n\n  function setSelection(country, iso){\n    var c = BY_ISO[iso] || null;\n    var tile = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile');\n    var code = tile.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile-code');\n    var dd   = country.__mrvinDropdown || country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-dropdown');\n    if (dd) {\n      dd.querySelectorAll('.mrvin-country-option').forEach(function(o){\n        o.classList.toggle('is-selected', o.getAttribute('data-iso') === iso);\n      });\n    }\n    \/\/ Swap the badge flag: GB carries the Union Jack, everyone else the EU stars. The tile is\n    \/\/ rendered once server-side, so without this a visitor switching country keeps the previous\n    \/\/ country's flag. Falls back to the stars for the empty state.\n    var flagUse = tile.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile-stars use');\n    if (flagUse) {\n      flagUse.setAttribute('href', iso === 'GB' ? '#mrvin-gb-flag' : '#mrvin-eu-stars');\n    }\n    if (c) {\n      tile.classList.remove('is-empty');\n      code.textContent = c.plate;\n      tile.setAttribute('aria-label', (window.mrvinCountryStrings.select || 'Select country') + ': ' + c.name);\n      country.dataset.iso = iso;\n    } else {\n      tile.classList.add('is-empty');\n      code.textContent = '\u2014';\n      tile.setAttribute('aria-label', window.mrvinCountryStrings.select || 'Select country');\n      country.dataset.iso = '';\n    }\n    \/\/ Sync placeholder + hidden form input + sessionStorage\n    var box = country.closest('.mrvin-search-box,.mrvin-cta-search-box');\n    if (box) {\n      var input = findInput(box);\n      var form  = findForm(box);\n      if (input && isPlateMode(box)) {\n        input.placeholder = c ? c.ph : (window.mrvinCountryStrings.genericPh || input.getAttribute('data-ph-plate') || '');\n      }\n      if (form) {\n        var hidden = findHiddenIso(form);\n        if (!hidden) {\n          hidden = document.createElement('input');\n          hidden.type = 'hidden';\n          hidden.name = 'country_iso';\n          form.appendChild(hidden);\n        }\n        hidden.value = iso || '';\n        hidden.disabled = !c || !isPlateMode(box);\n      }\n    }\n    writeStored(iso || '');\n    var err = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-error');\n    if (err && c) err.classList.remove('is-visible');\n  }\n\n  function applyFilter(country, term){\n    var dd = country.__mrvinDropdown;\n    if (!dd) return;\n    var q = (term || '').trim().toLowerCase();\n    var visible = 0;\n    dd.querySelectorAll('.mrvin-country-option').forEach(function(opt){\n      var hay = opt.getAttribute('data-search') || '';\n      var match = !q || hay.indexOf(q) !== -1;\n      opt.classList.toggle('is-hidden', !match);\n      if (match) visible++;\n    });\n    var empty = dd.querySelector('.mrvin-country-empty');\n    if (empty) empty.classList.toggle('is-visible', visible === 0);\n  }\n\n  function positionDropdown(country){\n    var dd = country.__mrvinDropdown;\n    var tile = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile');\n    if (!dd || !tile) return;\n    var r  = tile.getBoundingClientRect();\n    var vw = document.documentElement.clientWidth;\n    var vh = document.documentElement.clientHeight;\n    \/\/ Render off-screen once to measure width when first positioning.\n    var ddw = dd.offsetWidth || 260;\n    var ddh = dd.offsetHeight || 320;\n    var gap = 8;\n    var left = r.left;\n    if (left + ddw > vw - 8) left = Math.max(8, vw - ddw - 8);\n    var top = r.bottom + gap;\n    if (top + ddh > vh - 8) {\n      \/\/ Flip above the tile if there's no room below.\n      var above = r.top - gap - ddh;\n      if (above >= 8) top = above;\n      else top = Math.max(8, vh - ddh - 8);\n    }\n    dd.style.left = Math.round(left) + 'px';\n    dd.style.top  = Math.round(top)  + 'px';\n  }\n\n  function closeOpen(){\n    if (!openInstance) return;\n    var country = openInstance;\n    var dd = country.__mrvinDropdown;\n    var tile = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile');\n    if (dd) {\n      dd.classList.remove('is-open');\n      dd.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');\n    }\n    if (tile) tile.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');\n    country.classList.remove('open');\n    openInstance = null;\n  }\n\n  function openCountry(country){\n    if (openInstance && openInstance !== country) closeOpen();\n    var dd = country.__mrvinDropdown;\n    var tile = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile');\n    if (!dd || !tile) return;\n    \/\/ Reset filter every open\n    var search = dd.querySelector('.mrvin-country-search');\n    if (search) search.value = '';\n    applyFilter(country, '');\n    country.classList.add('open');\n    dd.classList.add('is-open');\n    dd.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'false');\n    tile.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');\n    positionDropdown(country);\n    openInstance = country;\n    \/\/ Defer focus until after the open transition starts (avoids iOS keyboard popping unexpectedly on tap).\n    if (search && window.matchMedia && !window.matchMedia('(max-width:767px)').matches) {\n      setTimeout(function(){ try { search.focus({preventScroll:true}); } catch(e){ search.focus(); } }, 60);\n    }\n  }\n\n  function initCountry(country){\n    if (country.__mrvinCountryInit) return;\n    country.__mrvinCountryInit = true;\n\n    var dd = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-dropdown');\n    if (dd) {\n      \/\/ Portal the dropdown to <body> so no clipped\/transformed ancestor can hide it.\n      document.body.appendChild(dd);\n      country.__mrvinDropdown = dd;\n    }\n\n    var serverIso = country.dataset.defaultIso || '';\n    var stored    = readStored();\n    \/\/ A remembered choice wins only when it is actually usable in THIS market. Otherwise a visitor\n    \/\/ who once picked LV would land on \/en-gb\/ pre-set to a country with no GB data and get an\n    \/\/ \"unsupported\" popup on a page where GB works fine. The server default is language-derived,\n    \/\/ so it is already the right country for the market being viewed.\n    var initial   = (BY_ISO[stored] && isPlateCountryActive(stored)) ? stored\n                  : ((BY_ISO[serverIso] && serverIso) || (BY_ISO[stored] && stored) || '');\n    setSelection(country, initial);\n\n    var tile = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-tile');\n\n    tile.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n      e.stopPropagation();\n      if (openInstance === country) closeOpen();\n      else openCountry(country);\n    });\n\n    if (dd) {\n      dd.addEventListener('click', function(e){ e.stopPropagation(); });\n\n      var search = dd.querySelector('.mrvin-country-search');\n      if (search) {\n        search.addEventListener('input', function(){ applyFilter(country, search.value); });\n        search.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){\n          if (e.key === 'Enter') {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            var first = dd.querySelector('.mrvin-country-option:not(.is-hidden)');\n            if (first) first.click();\n          } else if (e.key === 'Escape') {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            closeOpen();\n          }\n        });\n      }\n\n      dd.querySelectorAll('.mrvin-country-option').forEach(function(opt){\n        opt.addEventListener('click', function(){\n          var iso = opt.getAttribute('data-iso');\n          setSelection(country, iso);\n          closeOpen();\n          \/\/ Track which country the visitor tried (demand signal \u2014 incl. not-yet-enabled ones).\n          if (iso) trackPlateIntent(iso);\n          \/\/ Picking a country with no active plate data source \u2192 tell the user to use the VIN.\n          if (iso && !isPlateCountryActive(iso)) showPlateUnsupported(iso, country.closest('.mrvin-search-box,.mrvin-cta-search-box'));\n        });\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  function initBox(box){\n    var country = box.querySelector('.mrvin-country');\n    if (!country) return;\n    initCountry(country);\n    \/\/ Visibility tracks plate mode\n    var sync = function(){\n      var on = isPlateMode(box);\n      country.classList.toggle('is-active', on);\n      if (on && country.dataset.iso) {\n        var c = BY_ISO[country.dataset.iso];\n        var inp = findInput(box);\n        if (c && inp) inp.placeholder = c.ph;\n      }\n      var form = findForm(box);\n      var hidden = findHiddenIso(form);\n      if (hidden) hidden.disabled = !on || !country.dataset.iso;\n    };\n    sync();\n    box.querySelectorAll('[data-mode]').forEach(function(t){\n      t.addEventListener('click', function(){\n        setTimeout(sync, 0);\n        clearVinError(box);   \/\/ a VIN note (red or green) makes no sense in plate mode\n        \/\/ Track when a visitor switches to the licence-plate option.\n        if (t.getAttribute('data-mode') === 'plate') trackPlateIntent('__PLATE_MODE__');\n      });\n    });\n    \/\/ Form-submit guard: VIN mode validates the VIN; plate mode requires a supported country.\n    var form = findForm(box);\n    if (form) {\n      form.addEventListener('submit', function(e){\n        if (!isPlateMode(box)) {\n          \/\/ VIN mode \u2014 block the GET navigation unless the VIN is valid (or the user bypassed).\n          if (box.__mrvinVinBypass) { box.__mrvinVinBypass = false; return; }\n          var inp = findInput(box);\n          var raw = inp ? (inp.value || '').trim() : '';\n          if (!raw) { e.preventDefault(); showVinError(box, vinStr('vinErrEmpty', 'Please enter a VIN.')); return; }\n          var res = validateVin(raw);\n          if (!res.valid) {\n            e.preventDefault();\n            showVinError(box, res.error);\n            \/\/ Repeated identical failures \u2192 offer a manual bypass (mirrors vinscreener), so a\n            \/\/ genuinely-valid VIN that trips the check digit isn't permanently blocked.\n            var up = raw.toUpperCase();\n            if (up === box.__mrvinLastBad) { box.__mrvinBadStreak = (box.__mrvinBadStreak || 1) + 1; }\n            else { box.__mrvinBadStreak = 1; box.__mrvinLastBad = up; }\n            if (box.__mrvinBadStreak >= 2) showVinBypass(box);\n          }\n          return;\n        }\n        if (!country.dataset.iso) {\n          e.preventDefault();\n          var err = country.querySelector('.mrvin-country-error');\n          if (err) err.classList.add('is-visible');\n          openCountry(country);\n          return;\n        }\n        \/\/ Block submit for a country without an active plate data source; steer to the VIN.\n        if (!isPlateCountryActive(country.dataset.iso)) {\n          e.preventDefault();\n          showPlateUnsupported(country.dataset.iso, box);\n          return;\n        }\n        \/\/ A country we serve, but not for the series that was typed. Blocked like an inactive\n        \/\/ country rather than like a failed sanity check, and that difference is the point: this\n        \/\/ sits ABOVE the bypass below, so the \"search anyway\" link can never push a refused series\n        \/\/ through. The server would refuse it anyway, so a bypass here would spend a metered call\n        \/\/ to show the visitor a failure.\n        var sInp = findInput(box);\n        var sRaw = sInp ? (sInp.value || '').trim() : '';\n        if (sRaw && !seriesSupported(country.dataset.iso, sRaw)) {\n          e.preventDefault();\n          \/\/ Distinct from the plain country key, so the hub can show how much demand the\n          \/\/ restriction actually turns away rather than folding it into \"PT was requested\".\n          trackPlateIntent(String(country.dataset.iso || '').toUpperCase() + '_SERIES_UNSUPPORTED');\n          showPlateUnsupported(country.dataset.iso, box, seriesMessage(country.dataset.iso));\n          return;\n        }\n        \/\/ Plate sanity check. Mirrors the VIN path deliberately, bypass included: a cherished\n        \/\/ registration that our heuristic doesn't recognise must never be permanently blocked,\n        \/\/ so two identical rejections surface a \"search anyway\" link.\n        if (box.__mrvinPlateBypass) { box.__mrvinPlateBypass = false; return; }\n        var pInp = findInput(box);\n        var pRaw = pInp ? (pInp.value || '').trim() : '';\n        var pRes = validatePlate(pRaw, country.dataset.iso);\n        if (!pRes.valid) {\n          e.preventDefault();\n          showVinError(box, pRes.error);\n          var pUp = pRaw.toUpperCase();\n          if (pUp === box.__mrvinLastBadPlate) { box.__mrvinPlateStreak = (box.__mrvinPlateStreak || 1) + 1; }\n          else { box.__mrvinPlateStreak = 1; box.__mrvinLastBadPlate = pUp; }\n          if (box.__mrvinPlateStreak >= 2) showPlateBypass(box);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n    \/\/ On-the-fly input filter: plate mode keeps A-Z 0-9 space hyphen; VIN mode strips to\n    \/\/ A-Z 0-9 so spaces can never eat maxlength slots and silently truncate the VIN \u2014 the bug\n    \/\/ behind the missing order #749 (\"WDD 205066 1F 221\" was a 17-char VIN cut to 14).\n    var input = findInput(box);\n    if (input) {\n      input.addEventListener('input', function(){\n        if (isPlateMode(box)) {\n          var p = input.value.toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9 \\-]\/g, '');\n          if (p !== input.value) input.value = p;\n          \/\/ Editing after a rejection clears the note and restarts the streak, so the bypass link\n          \/\/ only appears when the visitor re-submits the SAME plate \u2014 i.e. they meant it.\n          clearVinError(box);\n          box.__mrvinPlateStreak = 0; box.__mrvinLastBadPlate = '';\n        } else {\n          var v = input.value.toUpperCase().replace(\/[^A-Z0-9]\/g, '');\n          if (v !== input.value) input.value = v;\n          clearVinError(box);\n          box.__mrvinBadStreak = 0; box.__mrvinLastBad = '';\n          \/\/ Live feedback rewards completion but never nags mid-typing: the\n          \/\/ note only turns green once the full 17 characters check out.\n          if (v.length === 17 && validateVin(v).valid) showVinOk(box);\n        }\n      });\n      \/\/ Early feedback: surface the specific problem when the visitor leaves a\n      \/\/ non-empty invalid VIN, instead of waiting for the search button.\n      input.addEventListener('blur', function(){\n        if (isPlateMode(box)) return;\n        var raw = (input.value || '').trim();\n        if (!raw) return;\n        var res = validateVin(raw);\n        if (!res.valid) showVinError(box, res.error);\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  function init(){\n    document.querySelectorAll('.mrvin-search-box,.mrvin-cta-search-box').forEach(initBox);\n    document.addEventListener('click', function(){ closeOpen(); });\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){\n      if (e.key === 'Escape') closeOpen();\n    });\n    \/\/ Re-anchor the portaled dropdown when the page scrolls or the viewport resizes.\n    var rafId = null;\n    function reanchor(){\n      if (!openInstance) return;\n      if (rafId) cancelAnimationFrame(rafId);\n      rafId = requestAnimationFrame(function(){\n        rafId = null;\n        if (openInstance) positionDropdown(openInstance);\n      });\n    }\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', reanchor, true);\n    window.addEventListener('resize', reanchor);\n  }\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);\n  } else {\n    init();\n  }\n})();\n<\/script>\n        \t\t<div class=\"mrvin-search-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<form class=\"mrvin-search-row\" action=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/product\/\" method=\"GET\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"mrvin-country\" data-default-iso=\"\">\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-tile is-empty\" aria-haspopup=\"listbox\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Wybierz kraj\">\n    <svg class=\"mrvin-country-tile-stars\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg>\n    <span class=\"mrvin-country-tile-code\">\u2014<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"mrvin-country-dropdown\" role=\"listbox\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n    <div class=\"mrvin-country-search-wrap\">\n      <span class=\"mrvin-country-search-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n      <input type=\"text\" class=\"mrvin-country-search\" placeholder=\"Wyszukaj kraj\" aria-label=\"Wyszukaj kraj\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"mrvin-country-options\">\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"AT\"\n            data-search=\"austria at a\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Austria<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">A<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"BE\"\n            data-search=\"belgia be b\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Belgia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">B<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"BG\"\n            data-search=\"bu\u0142garia bg bg\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Bu\u0142garia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">BG<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"CY\"\n            data-search=\"cypr cy cy\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Cypr<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">CY<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"CZ\"\n            data-search=\"czechy cz cz\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Czechy<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">CZ<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"DE\"\n            data-search=\"niemcy de d\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Niemcy<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">D<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"DK\"\n            data-search=\"dania dk dk\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Dania<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">DK<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"EE\"\n            data-search=\"estonia ee est\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Estonia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">EST<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"ES\"\n            data-search=\"hiszpania es e\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Hiszpania<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">E<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"FI\"\n            data-search=\"finlandia fi fin\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Finlandia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">FIN<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"FR\"\n            data-search=\"francja fr f\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Francja<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">F<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"GB\"\n            data-search=\"wielka brytania gb gb\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-gb-flag\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Wielka Brytania<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">GB<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"GR\"\n            data-search=\"grecja gr gr\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Grecja<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">GR<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"HU\"\n            data-search=\"w\u0119gry hu h\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">W\u0119gry<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">H<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"IE\"\n            data-search=\"irlandia ie irl\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Irlandia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">IRL<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"IT\"\n            data-search=\"w\u0142ochy it i\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">W\u0142ochy<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">I<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"LT\"\n            data-search=\"litwa lt lt\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Litwa<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">LT<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"LU\"\n            data-search=\"luksemburg lu l\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Luksemburg<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">L<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"LV\"\n            data-search=\"\u0141otwa lv lv\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">\u0141otwa<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">LV<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"MT\"\n            data-search=\"malta mt m\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Malta<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">M<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"NL\"\n            data-search=\"holandia nl nl\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Holandia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">NL<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"PL\"\n            data-search=\"polska pl pl\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Polska<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">PL<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"PT\"\n            data-search=\"portugalia pt p\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Portugalia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">P<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"RO\"\n            data-search=\"rumunia ro ro\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Rumunia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">RO<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"SE\"\n            data-search=\"szwecja se s\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">Szwecja<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">S<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"SI\"\n            data-search=\"s\u0142owenia si slo\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">S\u0142owenia<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">SLO<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n              <button type=\"button\" class=\"mrvin-country-option\" role=\"option\"\n            data-iso=\"SK\"\n            data-search=\"s\u0142owacja sk sk\">\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-flag\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#mrvin-eu-stars\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-name\">S\u0142owacja<\/span>\n          <span class=\"mrvin-country-option-code\">SK<\/span>\n        <\/button>\n            <p class=\"mrvin-country-empty\" role=\"status\">\u017baden kraj nie pasuje<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <p class=\"mrvin-country-error\" role=\"alert\" aria-live=\"polite\">Najpierw wybierz kraj<\/p>\n<\/div>\n        \t\t\t\t<input type=\"text\" class=\"mrvin-search-input\" name=\"vin\"\n\t\t\t\t\tplaceholder=\"Wpisz 17-znakowy numer VIN\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Numer VIN lub rejestracyjny\"\n\t\t\t\t\tmaxlength=\"32\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ph-vin=\"Wpisz 17-znakowy numer VIN\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ph-plate=\"Wpisz numer rejestracyjny\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-btn-vin=\"Sprawd\u017a VIN\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-btn-plate=\"Sprawd\u017a numer\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"submit\" class=\"mrvin-search-btn\"><span>Sprawd\u017a VIN<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h13\"\/><path d=\"m12.5 6.4 6 5.6-6 5.6\"\/><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"mrvin-search-hint\">Przyk\u0142ad: <code>WBA3A5G59DNP26082<\/code><span class=\"sep\"><\/span>Bezp\u0142atny podgl\u0105d w cenie<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"pv-trust\">\n\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8.5\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12h17\"\/><path d=\"M12 3.5c2.3 2.4 3.4 5.3 3.4 8.5s-1.1 6.1-3.4 8.5c-2.3-2.4-3.4-5.3-3.4-8.5S9.7 5.9 12 3.5Z\"\/><\/svg><span>30+ kraj\u00f3w<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8.5\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5.3l3.4 2\"\/><\/svg><span>Wynik w nieca\u0142\u0105 minut\u0119<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M13.5 3.5h-6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h9a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8.5Z\"\/><path d=\"M13.5 3.5V8.5h5\"\/><path d=\"M9 13.4h6M9 16.4h4\"\/><\/svg><span>Pe\u0142ny raport PDF<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"where\">Gdzie Polacy naprawd\u0119 kupuj\u0105<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Polska sprowadza wi\u0119cej u\u017cywanych aut ni\u017c jakikolwiek inny rynek w regionie, i odpowiada to za ponad jedn\u0105 trzeci\u0105 wszystkich transakcji na aucie u\u017cywanym w kraju. Niemcy dostarczaj\u0105 zdecydowanie najwi\u0119ksz\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107, a Stany Zjednoczone to jedyne wi\u0119ksze \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o, kt\u00f3re wci\u0105\u017c ro\u015bnie.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Sk\u0105d pochodzi\u0142o auto<\/th><th>Stycze\u0144 do lipca 2026<\/th><th>Zmiana<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"hi\"><td>Niemcy<\/td><td>277,371<\/td><td>-6,4%<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"\"><td>Francja<\/td><td>56,020<\/td><td>-6,7%<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"hi\"><td>Stany Zjednoczone<\/td><td>46,572<\/td><td>+6,8%<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"\"><td>Belgia<\/td><td>33,238<\/td><td>-13,8%<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"\"><td>Holandia<\/td><td>26,231<\/td><td>-9,9%<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Te dwie drogi nie s\u0105 r\u00f3wnowa\u017cne, a ta r\u00f3\u017cnica decyduje o wi\u0119kszo\u015bci tego, o czym jest ten artyku\u0142. Auto kupione na niemieckiej aukcji to zakup wewn\u0105trz jednolitego rynku. Auto kupione na ameryka\u0144skiej to import, ze wszystkim, co to s\u0142owo niesie.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Mediana wieku sprowadzonego auta w 2025 roku wynosi\u0142a 12,5 lat, a 58% importu mia\u0142o ponad dziesi\u0119\u0107 lat. Starsze auta mia\u0142y wi\u0119cej czasu, \u017ceby zebra\u0107 histori\u0119, a auta z aukcji maj\u0105 j\u0105 z definicji.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"access\">Po\u015brednik raczej nie jest ci potrzebny<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Najcz\u0119stsze przekonanie o aukcjach samochodowych jest takie, \u017ce osoba prywatna nie mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 i musi wynaj\u0105\u0107 kogo\u015b, kto mo\u017ce. W przypadku aukcji pouszkodzeniowych w Niemczech i innych krajach UE to po prostu nieprawda.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Copart dzia\u0142a w Niemczech i przyjmuje rejestracje os\u00f3b prywatnych, tak\u017ce z innych kraj\u00f3w UE. Prowadzi polskoj\u0119zyczne strony dok\u0142adnie z tego powodu. Rejestracja jest darmowa, to\u017csamo\u015b\u0107 potwierdzasz dokumentem, i mo\u017cesz licytowa\u0107. Na niemieckiej platformie obowi\u0105zuje niewielka roczna sk\u0142adka, oko\u0142o 70 EUR, i nigdzie w tym procesie nie ma licencji handlowej.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Droga zakupu<\/th><th>Kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107<\/th><th>Co dok\u0142ada do ceny<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Aukcje pouszkodzeniowe w Niemczech i UE<\/td><td>Klienci indywidualni mog\u0105 zarejestrowa\u0107 si\u0119 bezpo\u015brednio<\/td><td>Op\u0142ata aukcyjna i transport do domu<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Platformy handlowe UE, BCA i AUTO1<\/td><td>Tylko kupuj\u0105cy z dzia\u0142alno\u015bci\u0105<\/td><td>Niedost\u0119pne dla ciebie<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Aukcje pouszkodzeniowe w USA, Copart i IAAI<\/td><td>Tylko 5 do 10% oferty otwarte dla klient\u00f3w indywidualnych<\/td><td>Prowizja po\u015brednika, fracht, c\u0142o, VAT importowy<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Wym\u00f3g po\u015brednika, o kt\u00f3rym si\u0119 m\u00f3wi, jest prawdziwy, ale dotyczy konkretnie drogi ameryka\u0144skiej, gdzie wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 pozycji wymaga licencji dealerskiej. Uog\u00f3lniono go do zasady o aukcjach w og\u00f3le, i to po cichu popchn\u0119\u0142o polskich kupuj\u0105cych w stron\u0119 najdro\u017cszego sposobu.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Jest jeden haczyk, kt\u00f3ry warto powiedzie\u0107 wprost. Aukcje, do kt\u00f3rych klient indywidualny dociera naj\u0142atwiej, to auta powypadkowe i szkody ca\u0142kowite, bo platformy z zadbanymi autami poleasingowymi z ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0105 serwisow\u0105 to w\u0142a\u015bnie te, kt\u00f3re chc\u0105 licencji handlowej. \u0141atwy dost\u0119p i czyste auta to nie to samo.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"cost\">Ile kosztuje auto z niemieckiej aukcji<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Zakup wewn\u0105trz jednolitego rynku nie ma c\u0142a, nie ma VAT importowego na granicy i nie ma frachtu morskiego. P\u0142acisz cen\u0119 m\u0142otkow\u0105, op\u0142at\u0119 aukcyjn\u0105 platformy, kt\u00f3ra ro\u015bnie wraz z cen\u0105 i dolicza si\u0119 do niej, a nie zawiera w niej, oraz koszt sprowadzenia auta do domu.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 aut pouszkodzeniowych jest niezarejestrowana i nie wolno nimi jecha\u0107, wi\u0119c licz si\u0119 z lawet\u0105 albo holowaniem, a nie z baniakiem paliwa. Potem przy pierwszej rejestracji w Polsce nale\u017cna jest akcyza, i dotyczy to auta niezale\u017cnie od tego, sk\u0105d pochodzi, tak\u017ce z innego kraju UE.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"takeaway\">\n\t\t\t\t<b>Podsumowanie<\/b>\n\t\t\t\tUstal \u0142\u0105czn\u0105 kwot\u0119, kt\u00f3r\u0105 jeste\u015b got\u00f3w wyda\u0107 na auto odebrane, naprawione i zarejestrowane, a potem policz wstecz do maksymalnej oferty. Najcz\u0119stszy b\u0142\u0105d na aukcji to traktowanie ceny m\u0142otkowej jak bud\u017cetu.\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"process\">Przebieg, krok po kroku<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>1. Zarejestruj si\u0119 i wp\u0142a\u0107 kaucj\u0119<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Dom aukcyjny wymaga zwrotnej kaucji, zanim b\u0119dziesz m\u00f3g\u0142 licytowa\u0107. Po jej zaksi\u0119gowaniu zwykle mo\u017cna licytowa\u0107 tego samego dnia. Wysoko\u015b\u0107 kaucji zazwyczaj wyznacza, jak wysoko wolno ci licytowa\u0107, wi\u0119c ma\u0142a kaucja zamyka ci\u0119 w ma\u0142ym aucie.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>2. Ustal maksimum, zanim zaczniesz szuka\u0107<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Ustal \u0142\u0105czn\u0105 kwot\u0119, kt\u00f3r\u0105 jeste\u015b got\u00f3w wyda\u0107 na auto dostarczone i zarejestrowane, a potem odejmij po kolei ka\u017cdy koszt poni\u017cej, \u017ceby doj\u015b\u0107 do maksymalnej oferty. Traktuj t\u0119 liczb\u0119 jako sztywn\u0105. Zdecydowanie najcz\u0119stszy b\u0142\u0105d to uznanie ceny m\u0142otkowej za bud\u017cet.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>3. Licytuj<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 europejskich kupuj\u0105cych licytuje zdalnie, na \u017cywo albo zostawiaj\u0105c ofert\u0119 maksymaln\u0105. Zostawienie maksimum to zwykle lepsza dyscyplina, bo wyjmuje ci\u0119 z tej cz\u0119\u015bci procesu, kt\u00f3ra ma ci\u0119 rozgrza\u0107 do rywalizacji.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>4. Zap\u0142a\u0107, potem zabierz auto<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>Oba zegary ruszaj\u0105 w chwili przybicia i oba s\u0105 kr\u00f3tkie. P\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 jest wymagana w ci\u0105gu kilku dni, a auto musi znikn\u0105\u0107 z placu prawie tak samo szybko. Przy imporcie oznacza to transport l\u0105dowy do portu, fracht morski i roz\u0142adunek w porcie unijnym.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>5. Odpraw celnie i zarejestruj<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<p>C\u0142o, VAT importowy, akcyza tam gdzie obowi\u0105zuje, ewentualne przer\u00f3bki \u0142\u0105cznie ze \u015bwiat\u0142ami, a nast\u0119pnie badanie techniczne i rejestracja.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"deadlines\">Terminy, kt\u00f3re kosztuj\u0105<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Domy aukcyjne dzia\u0142aj\u0105 na kr\u00f3tkich terminach, a op\u0142aty za ich przekroczenie nie s\u0105 proporcjonalne do op\u00f3\u017anienia.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/auction\/auction-deadlines.webp\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" alt=\"Mi\u015b MrVIN patrzy na zegar obok auta na placu aukcyjnym, podczas gdy pi\u0119trz\u0105 si\u0119 faktury\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"cover-cap\">Post\u00f3j to ta cicha pu\u0142apka. Dwa albo trzy darmowe dni znikaj\u0105, gdy transport jest dopiero organizowany.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Co<\/th><th>Typowe warunki<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Termin p\u0142atno\u015bci<\/td><td>oko\u0142o 2 dni robocze, op\u0142ata za ponowne wystawienie po mniej wi\u0119cej 8 dniach kalendarzowych<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Op\u0142ata za zw\u0142ok\u0119<\/td><td>od oko\u0142o 50 dolar\u00f3w<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Bezp\u0142atny post\u00f3j<\/td><td>2 do 3 dni roboczych<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Post\u00f3j po tym czasie<\/td><td>mniej wi\u0119cej 20 do 30 dolar\u00f3w dziennie<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Ca\u0142kowity brak zap\u0142aty<\/td><td>op\u0142ata za ponowne wystawienie od 400 do 600 dolar\u00f3w albo 10 procent kwoty licytacji, w zale\u017cno\u015bci co wy\u017csze<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Brak zap\u0142aty nie oznacza po prostu anulowania transakcji. Tracisz kaucj\u0119, zostajesz obci\u0105\u017cony op\u0142at\u0105 za ponowne wystawienie, twoje konto mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 zawieszone, a ty mo\u017cesz straci\u0107 prawo do licytowania w przysz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"takeaway\">\n\t\t\t\t<b>Podsumowanie<\/b>\n\t\t\t\tWygranie auta, za kt\u00f3re nie mo\u017cesz od razu zap\u0142aci\u0107, to najdro\u017cszy b\u0142\u0105d dost\u0119pny na aukcji, i da si\u0119 go ca\u0142kowicie unikn\u0105\u0107, maj\u0105c \u015brodki gotowe przed licytacj\u0105, a nie po niej.\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"codes\">Kody uszkodze\u0144 i co naprawd\u0119 oznaczaj\u0105<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<p>Og\u0142oszenia zawieraj\u0105 kr\u00f3tkie kody uszkodze\u0144. S\u0105 przydatne i nie s\u0105 wiarygodne. Nadaj\u0105 je ludzie chodz\u0105cy po placu, s\u0105 wyra\u017anie oznaczone jako pogl\u0105dowe i cz\u0119sto bywaj\u0105 niepe\u0142ne.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Uderzenie i konstrukcja<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<p><b>FR<\/b> prz\u00f3d<br><b>RR<\/b> ty\u0142<br><b>SD<\/b> bok<br><b>TP<\/b> dach<br><b>FD<\/b> zg\u0142oszone uszkodzenie ramy<br><b>RO<\/b> dachowanie<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p>Uszkodzenie blachy to kwestia naprawy. Uszkodzenie ramy i dachowanie to pytanie, czy auto w og\u00f3le powinno by\u0107 naprawiane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Woda, pogoda i czynniki zewn\u0119trzne<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<p><b>WA<\/b> woda lub pow\u00f3d\u017a<br><b>HL<\/b> grad<br><b>VN<\/b> wandalizm<br><b>AO<\/b> ca\u0142a powierzchnia<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p>Zalanie kryje najwi\u0119cej. Woda pracuje w instalacji przez miesi\u0105ce, wi\u0119c auto potrafi jecha\u0107 bez zarzutu w dniu odbioru i psu\u0107 si\u0119 stopniowo p\u00f3\u017aniej.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Ogie\u0144 i substancje niebezpieczne<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<p><b>BN<\/b> po\u017car<br><b>BE<\/b> po\u017car, silnik<br><b>BI<\/b> po\u017car, wn\u0119trze<br><b>BC<\/b> zagro\u017cenie biologiczne lub chemiczne<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Mechanika i stan wizualny<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<p><b>MC<\/b> mechaniczne<br><b>NW<\/b> normalne zu\u017cycie<br><b>MN<\/b> drobne wgniecenia i rysy<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p>MC to najmniej m\u00f3wi\u0105cy kod z ca\u0142ego zestawu. Obejmuje tak samo roz\u0142adowany akumulator, jak i zniszczon\u0105 skrzyni\u0119 bieg\u00f3w.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Dokumenty i historia<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<p><b>VI \/ VP<\/b> brakuj\u0105cy lub przerobiony numer VIN<br><b>CC<\/b> program dop\u0142at do z\u0142omowania<br><b>DH<\/b> historia szk\u00f3d<br><b>PR<\/b> cz\u0119\u015bciowa lub niedoko\u0144czona naprawa<br><b>RJ<\/b> naprawa odrzucona<br><b>ST<\/b> rozebrane na cz\u0119\u015bci<\/p>\n\t\t\t<p>PR i RJ zas\u0142uguj\u0105 na wi\u0119cej uwagi, ni\u017c dostaj\u0105. Oba oznaczaj\u0105, \u017ce kto\u015b ju\u017c pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 naprawi\u0107 to auto i przerwa\u0142.<\/p>\t\t\n\t\t<ul class=\"sev-legend\">\n\t\t\t<li><i class=\"l3\"><\/i>Wysokie ryzyko<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li><i class=\"l2\"><\/i>\u015arednie<\/li>\n\t\t\t<li><i class=\"l1\"><\/i>Ni\u017csze<\/li>\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable sev\">\n\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Ryzyko<\/th><th>Kody<\/th><th>Dlaczego<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"s3\"><td><b>Wysokie<\/b><\/td><td>FD, RO, WA, BN, BE, VI, VP<\/td><td>Problemy konstrukcyjne, elektryczne albo prawne, kt\u00f3rych naprawa nie rozwi\u0105zuje w spos\u00f3b pewny<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"s2\"><td><b>\u015arednie<\/b><\/td><td>FR, RR, SD, TP, AO, MC, PR, RJ<\/td><td>Do naprawy, ale koszt waha si\u0119 ogromnie, a kod nie powie o ile<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr class=\"s1\"><td><b>Ni\u017csze<\/b><\/td><td>HL, VN, MN, NW, ST<\/td><td>Wizualne albo przewidywalne, o ile obok nie ma nic innego<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<p>Nigdy nie licytuj wy\u0142\u0105cznie na podstawie kodu. Zestaw go ze zdj\u0119ciami, statusem dokument\u00f3w i niezale\u017cnym raportem historii.<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"words\">S\u0142owa, kt\u00f3re znacz\u0105 mniej, ni\u017c brzmi\u0105<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/auction\/auction-run-and-drive.webp\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" alt=\"Wyra\u017anie rozbite auto z jaskrawozielon\u0105 naklejk\u0105 Run and Drive, obok mi\u015b MrVIN\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t<p class=\"cover-cap\">Run and Drive znaczy, \u017ce raz si\u0119 ruszy\u0142o, na placu. O niczym wi\u0119cej to nie m\u00f3wi.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<p>Run and Drive znaczy, \u017ce pojazd odpali\u0142 i przejecha\u0142 o w\u0142asnych si\u0142ach w kt\u00f3rym\u015b momencie na placu. To nie jest wypowied\u017a o bezpiecze\u0144stwie, legalno\u015bci ani o tym, czy auto pokona tras\u0119, a auto mo\u017ce odpali\u0107 i jecha\u0107 z powa\u017cnymi usterkami. Licz koszty tak, jakby transport i tak by\u0142 potrzebny.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>Clean title znaczy, \u017ce pojazdu nigdy nie zg\u0142oszono jako szkody ca\u0142kowitej. To s\u0142absze, ni\u017c brzmi. Je\u015bli szkod\u0119 naprawiono prywatnie albo bez zg\u0142oszenia do ubezpieczyciela, nic nie zosta\u0142o zadeklarowane i dokumenty pozostaj\u0105 czyste.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>Salvage title znaczy, \u017ce ubezpieczyciel uzna\u0142 auto za szkod\u0119 ca\u0142kowit\u0105. Kupuj\u0105cy traktuj\u0105 to jako ostrze\u017cenie i przynajmniej jest to ostrze\u017cenie uczciwe. Zale\u017cnie od lokalnych przepis\u00f3w mo\u017ce te\u017c znacznie utrudni\u0107 rejestracj\u0119 i odsprzeda\u017c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<h2 id=\"asseen\">Sprzedane w stanie widocznym, i jak\u0105 ochron\u0119 jednak masz<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<p class=\"pullquote\">Na aukcji to opis jest umow\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<p>Sprzedane w stanie widocznym znaczy, \u017ce ka\u017cda usterka, widoczna wtedy albo odkryta p\u00f3\u017aniej, staje si\u0119 twoja w chwili przybicia. Bez gwarancji, bez zwrotu, bez renegocjacji.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>Brak powa\u017cnych usterek mechanicznych wa\u017cy wyra\u017anie wi\u0119cej i obejmuje zwykle silnik, skrzyni\u0119 bieg\u00f3w, zawieszenie, sprz\u0119g\u0142o, hamulce i uk\u0142ad kierowniczy. Ustawia wy\u017csze oczekiwanie ni\u017c zwyk\u0142e sprzedane w stanie widocznym.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>Nie jeste\u015b ca\u0142kiem bez mo\u017cliwo\u015bci. Auto istotnie opisane niezgodnie z prawd\u0105, sprzedane jako je\u017cd\u017c\u0105ce i dostarczone jako nieodpalaj\u0105ce, zwykle daje podstawy do zakwestionowania transakcji, a je\u015bli to raport o stanie sporz\u0105dzony przez sam dom aukcyjny by\u0142 nierzetelny, roszczenie mo\u017ce kierowa\u0107 si\u0119 przeciwko domowi, a nie sprzedaj\u0105cemu. To w\u0105skie okno i kiepski zamiennik wcze\u015bniejszego sprawdzenia.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<h2 id=\"listing\">Dlaczego og\u0142oszenie nie wystarczy<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<p>Wszystko na karcie aukcyjnej pochodzi ze strony sprzedaj\u0105cego. Kody uszkodze\u0144 nadaje si\u0119 na placu. Dokumenty odzwierciedlaj\u0105 tylko to, co zadeklarowano. Zdj\u0119cia wybra\u0142 kto\u015b, kto chce sprzeda\u0107 to auto.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>Niezale\u017cne sprawdzenie historii to jedyne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o, kt\u00f3re nie pochodzi od sprzedaj\u0105cego, i obejmuje to, czego karta aukcyjna obj\u0105\u0107 nie mo\u017ce: co dzia\u0142o si\u0119 z autem, zanim tu trafi\u0142o.<\/p>\n\t\t<p>To tak\u017ce jedyna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 zapisu, kt\u00f3ra przetrwa to, co nast\u0105pi p\u00f3\u017aniej. Auto kupione tutaj zostaje naprawione, wywiezione, zarejestrowane gdzie\u015b na nowo i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/imported-car-history-check\/\">wystawione jako zwyczajne auto u\u017cywane<\/a>, a na ka\u017cdym z tych etap\u00f3w wida\u0107 coraz mniej z jego przesz\u0142o\u015bci. Dlatego to samo sprawdzenie ma znaczenie z obu stron. Przed licytacj\u0105 m\u00f3wi ci, co kupujesz. Przed zakupem z og\u0142oszenia m\u00f3wi ci, czy auto przed tob\u0105 wyjecha\u0142o z takiego w\u0142a\u015bnie placu.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<p class=\"pullquote\">Blachy si\u0119 wymienia, a dokumenty wystawia od nowa. Historii si\u0119 nie naprawia.<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"us\">Je\u015bli zamiast tego kupujesz w USA<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Ameryka\u0144skie aukcje pouszkodzeniowe maj\u0105 znacznie wi\u0119ksz\u0105 ofert\u0119 i cz\u0119sto ni\u017csz\u0105 cen\u0119 m\u0142otkow\u0105, dlatego ta droga wci\u0105\u017c ro\u015bnie. To tak\u017ce droga, na kt\u00f3rej wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 pozycji wymaga licencji dealerskiej, wi\u0119c tutaj po\u015brednik naprawd\u0119 jest konieczny, za mniej wi\u0119cej 200 do 500 dolar\u00f3w i wi\u0119cej, zale\u017cnie od auta.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Prawdziw\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0105 jest arytmetyka. Ka\u017cda op\u0142ata poni\u017cej liczona jest od sumy tych nad ni\u0105, wi\u0119c ko\u0144cowa kwota ucieka daleko przed tym, co sugeruje cena m\u0142otkowa.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"zonefig chartfig\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg viewBox=\"0 0 760 370\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wykres s\u0142upkowy narastaj\u0105cych koszt\u00f3w, od ceny m\u0142otkowej przez op\u0142aty, fracht, c\u0142o i akcyz\u0119 do kwoty ko\u0144cowej z VAT.\"><g font-family=\"'DM Sans',-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\"><line x1=\"72\" y1=\"239\" x2=\"736\" y2=\"239\" stroke=\"#E2E8F0\"\/><text x=\"64\" y=\"243\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#94A3B8\" text-anchor=\"end\">5k<\/text><line x1=\"72\" y1=\"178\" x2=\"736\" y2=\"178\" stroke=\"#E2E8F0\"\/><text x=\"64\" y=\"182\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#94A3B8\" text-anchor=\"end\">10k<\/text><line x1=\"72\" y1=\"117\" x2=\"736\" y2=\"117\" stroke=\"#E2E8F0\"\/><text x=\"64\" y=\"121\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#94A3B8\" text-anchor=\"end\">15k<\/text><line x1=\"72\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"736\" y2=\"56\" stroke=\"#E2E8F0\"\/><text x=\"64\" y=\"60\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#94A3B8\" text-anchor=\"end\">20k<\/text><rect x=\"98.3\" y=\"178\" width=\"80\" height=\"122\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#1D9E75\"\/><text x=\"138.3\" y=\"169\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1D9E75\" text-anchor=\"middle\">10,000<\/text><text x=\"138.3\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Cena m\u0142otkowa<\/text><rect x=\"207\" y=\"159.7\" width=\"80\" height=\"140.3\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#1D9E75\"\/><text x=\"247\" y=\"150.7\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#1D9E75\" text-anchor=\"middle\">11,500<\/text><text x=\"247\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Op\u0142aty aukcyjne<\/text><text x=\"247\" y=\"337\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">i po\u015brednika<\/text><rect x=\"315.7\" y=\"137.7\" width=\"80\" height=\"162.3\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#FFD21F\"\/><text x=\"355.7\" y=\"128.7\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#FFD21F\" text-anchor=\"middle\">13,300<\/text><text x=\"355.7\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Fracht, czyli<\/text><text x=\"355.7\" y=\"337\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">CIF<\/text><rect x=\"424.4\" y=\"121.5\" width=\"80\" height=\"178.5\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#FFD21F\"\/><text x=\"464.4\" y=\"112.5\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#FFD21F\" text-anchor=\"middle\">14,630<\/text><text x=\"464.4\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">C\u0142o<\/text><rect x=\"533.1\" y=\"116\" width=\"80\" height=\"184\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#FFD21F\"\/><text x=\"573.1\" y=\"107\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#FFD21F\" text-anchor=\"middle\">15,084<\/text><text x=\"573.1\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Akcyza<\/text><rect x=\"641.8\" y=\"73.7\" width=\"80\" height=\"226.3\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#E24B4A\"\/><text x=\"681.8\" y=\"64.7\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#E24B4A\" text-anchor=\"middle\">18,553<\/text><text x=\"681.8\" y=\"322\" font-size=\"11.5\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#3A4F66\" text-anchor=\"middle\">VAT<\/text><text x=\"410\" y=\"362\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#64748B\" text-anchor=\"middle\" letter-spacing=\"1.1\">KA\u017bDA OP\u0141ATA LICZONA JEST OD SUMY PONI\u017bEJ<\/text><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<figcaption>Cena m\u0142otkowa to ten kr\u00f3tki zielony s\u0142upek po lewej. Zanim auto dojedzie, kosztuje o 86 procent wi\u0119cej, i nic z tego nie jest napraw\u0105.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Krok<\/th><th>Liczone od<\/th><th>Stawka<\/th><th>Suma narastaj\u0105co<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Cena m\u0142otkowa<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>10,000<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Op\u0142aty aukcyjne i po\u015brednika<\/td><td>cena m\u0142otkowa<\/td><td>oko\u0142o 15%<\/td><td>11,500<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Transport l\u0105dowy w USA i fracht morski<\/td><td><\/td><td>1,800<\/td><td>13,300<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>C\u0142o<\/td><td>CIF<\/td><td>10%<\/td><td>14,630<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Akcyza<\/td><td>CIF + c\u0142o<\/td><td>3,1%<\/td><td>15,084<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>VAT<\/td><td>CIF + c\u0142o + akcyza<\/td><td>23%<\/td><td>18,553<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Auto za 10,000 kosztuje po sprowadzeniu oko\u0142o 18,550. To o 86 procent wi\u0119cej ni\u017c cena m\u0142otkowa, jeszcze przed jak\u0105kolwiek napraw\u0105. Powy\u017cej 2000 cm3 akcyza skacze z 3,1% na 18,6% i to samo auto wychodzi 21,342, czyli o 113 procent powy\u017cej ceny m\u0142otkowej. Auta w pe\u0142ni elektryczne s\u0105 obecnie zwolnione z akcyzy, cho\u0107 c\u0142o i VAT nadal obowi\u0105zuj\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Potem papierologia, i to na niej polski import naprawd\u0119 grz\u0119\u017anie. Deklaracj\u0119 akcyzow\u0105 sk\u0142ada si\u0119 w ci\u0105gu 14 dni, a sam\u0105 akcyz\u0119 p\u0142aci w ci\u0105gu 30 dni od przybycia auta. Rejestracja nie ruszy bez potwierdzenia zap\u0142aty.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tbl-scroll\">\n\t\t\t\t<table class=\"dtable\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<thead><tr><th>Krok rejestracji<\/th><th>Typowy koszt<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n\t\t\t\t\t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>T\u0142umaczenie przysi\u0119g\u0142e dowodu w\u0142asno\u015bci i faktury<\/td><td>200 zl do 500 zl<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Badanie techniczne<\/td><td>100 zl do 200 zl<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Homologacja, je\u015bli brak \u015bwiadectwa zgodno\u015bci WE<\/td><td>2,000 zl do 5,000 zl, od dw\u00f3ch do sze\u015bciu tygodni<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr><td>Op\u0142aty rejestracyjne<\/td><td>oko\u0142o 200 zl<\/td><\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tbody>\n\t\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<p>Licz si\u0119 mniej wi\u0119cej z 1,100 zl do 4,000 zl ponad c\u0142o, akcyz\u0119, VAT i ubezpieczenie, oraz z oko\u0142o miesi\u0105cem, zanim auto b\u0119dzie legalnie twoje do jazdy. Auto z dokumentami salvage mo\u017ce te\u017c napotka\u0107 problemy rejestracyjne, kt\u00f3rych nie ma auto z czystymi dokumentami, wi\u0119c najta\u0144sza pozycja na aukcji bywa t\u0105, kt\u00f3ra nigdy nie dostaje tablic.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t<h2 id=\"checklist\">Lista kontrolna przed licytacj\u0105<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t<ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Potwierd\u017a, \u017ce mo\u017cesz legalnie licytowa\u0107, albo doliczy\u0107 prowizj\u0119 po\u015brednika.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>We\u017a pe\u0142ny cennik op\u0142at na pi\u015bmie, zanim si\u0119 zarejestrujesz.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Ustal \u0142\u0105czn\u0105 kwot\u0119 za auto dostarczone i zarejestrowane, potem policz wstecz do maksymalnej oferty.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Miej \u015brodki dost\u0119pne przed licytacj\u0105, nie po wygranej.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Przeczytaj ka\u017cdy kod uszkodze\u0144. Traktuj MC i PR jako pytania, nie odpowiedzi.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Sprawd\u017a, czy dokumenty pozwol\u0105 zarejestrowa\u0107 auto tam, gdzie mieszkasz.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Ogl\u0105daj zdj\u0119cia pod k\u0105tem tego, czego brakuje, nie tylko tego, co pokazano.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Zr\u00f3b niezale\u017cne sprawdzenie historii po numerze VIN.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>We\u017a wycen\u0119 naprawy od kogo\u015b, kto widzia\u0142 to auto.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>Dolicz 20 procent do tej wyceny.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\n\t\t\t<p class=\"endnote\">O cenie m\u0142otkowej spieraj\u0105 si\u0119 wszyscy. Ka\u017cda inna liczba w tym artykule to miejsce, gdzie pieni\u0105dze naprawd\u0119 uciekaj\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"promo promo-xl\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"promo-ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"10.5\" cy=\"10.5\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"m7.6 10.6 2.1 2.1 3.9-4.3\"\/><path d=\"m15.6 15.6 4.4 4.4\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"promo-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-eyebrow\">Zanim cokolwiek podpiszesz<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-h\">Wiedz, na co licytujesz<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"promo-sub\">Przebieg, szkody, finansowanie i zapisy importowe z 30+ kraj\u00f3w, w jednym raporcie, w nieca\u0142\u0105 minut\u0119.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"promo-trust\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8.5\"\/><path d=\"M3.5 12h17\"\/><path d=\"M12 3.5c2.3 2.4 3.4 5.3 3.4 8.5s-1.1 6.1-3.4 8.5c-2.3-2.4-3.4-5.3-3.4-8.5S9.7 5.9 12 3.5Z\"\/><\/svg><span>30+ kraj\u00f3w<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"8.5\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5.3l3.4 2\"\/><\/svg><span>Poni\u017cej minuty<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M13.5 3.5h-6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h9a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8.5Z\"\/><path d=\"M13.5 3.5V8.5h5\"\/><path d=\"M9 13.4h6M9 16.4h4\"\/><\/svg><span>Pe\u0142ny raport PDF<\/span><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"promo-btn\" href=\"#vincheck\" data-go=\"vincheck\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3.5 17v-4.1l1.7-4.2a2 2 0 0 1 1.9-1.2h9.8a2 2 0 0 1 1.9 1.2l1.7 4.2V17\"\/><path d=\"M4 12.9h16\"\/><circle cx=\"7.6\" cy=\"17\" r=\"1.7\"\/><circle cx=\"16.4\" cy=\"17\" r=\"1.7\"\/><\/svg><span>Sprawd\u017a VIN<\/span><svg class=\"pb-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h13\"\/><path d=\"m12.5 6.4 6 5.6-6 5.6\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"promo-alt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/sample-report\/\"><span>Jeszcze si\u0119 wahasz? Zobacz najpierw, jak wygl\u0105da pe\u0142ny raport<\/span><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M5 12h13\"\/><path d=\"m12.5 6.4 6 5.6-6 5.6\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t<section class=\"faq\" id=\"faq\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Najcz\u0119stsze pytania<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Czy potrzebuj\u0119 po\u015brednika, \u017ceby licytowa\u0107 na aukcji samochodowej?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Przy aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych w Niemczech i innych krajach UE nie. Copart Germany przyjmuje rejestracje os\u00f3b prywatnych z innych kraj\u00f3w UE, w tym z Polski, przy niewielkiej rocznej sk\u0142adce i bez licencji dealerskiej. Wym\u00f3g po\u015brednika dotyczy aukcji w USA, gdzie tylko oko\u0142o 5 do 10 procent oferty jest otwarte dla klient\u00f3w indywidualnych.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Ile wynosi akcyza za sprowadzone auto?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Wynosi 3,1 procent dla silnik\u00f3w do 2000 cm3 i 18,6 procent powy\u017cej, liczona od warto\u015bci celnej powi\u0119kszonej o c\u0142o. Auta w pe\u0142ni elektryczne s\u0105 obecnie zwolnione, cho\u0107 c\u0142o i VAT nadal obowi\u0105zuj\u0105. Akcyza jest nale\u017cna przy pierwszej rejestracji w Polsce niezale\u017cnie od kraju pochodzenia auta, tak\u017ce z innego kraju UE, przy czym deklaracj\u0119 sk\u0142ada si\u0119 w ci\u0105gu 14 dni od przybycia, a p\u0142atno\u015b\u0107 nast\u0119puje w ci\u0105gu 30.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Co si\u0119 stanie, je\u015bli wygram auto i nie b\u0119d\u0119 m\u00f3g\u0142 zap\u0142aci\u0107?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Tracisz kaucj\u0119 i zostajesz obci\u0105\u017cony op\u0142at\u0105 za ponowne wystawienie, zwykle od 400 do 600 dolar\u00f3w albo 10 procent kwoty licytacji, w zale\u017cno\u015bci co wy\u017csze. Twoje konto mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 zawieszone, a ty mo\u017cesz straci\u0107 prawo do licytowania w przysz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"faq-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-q\">Czy clean title oznacza, \u017ce auto nigdy nie by\u0142o uszkodzone?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"faq-a\">Nie. Oznacza, \u017ce nie zg\u0142oszono szkody ca\u0142kowitej. Szkoda naprawiona poza ubezpieczeniem zostawia dokumenty czyste i mo\u017ce nie zostawi\u0107 \u017cadnego publicznego \u015bladu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t<section class=\"sources\">\n\t\t\t\t<h2>O tym poradniku<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Zakres<\/b>: to jest wydanie dla Polski. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/blog\/car-auction-europe\/\">Przegl\u0105d og\u00f3lnoeuropejski<\/a> por\u00f3wnuje, ile dok\u0142ada rejestracja w pi\u0119ciu rynkach.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Op\u0142aty i terminy<\/b>: podane warto\u015bci s\u0105 typowe, a nie uniwersalne. Op\u0142aty aukcyjne, stawki za post\u00f3j, terminy p\u0142atno\u015bci i kary za ponowne wystawienie r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy domami aukcyjnymi i placami, i nale\u017cy je potwierdzi\u0107 w warunkach konkretnej aukcji.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Kody uszkodze\u0144<\/b>: opisane tak, jak publikuj\u0105 je aukcje. Nadaje si\u0119 je r\u0119cznie, s\u0105 wyra\u017anie oznaczone jako pogl\u0105dowe i \u017cadna decyzja o licytacji nie powinna opiera\u0107 si\u0119 wy\u0142\u0105cznie na nich.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Op\u0142aty importowe<\/b>: polskie stawki c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT stosowane do pojazd\u00f3w sprowadzanych spoza UE. Wyliczenie ma charakter pogl\u0105dowy i zaokr\u0105gla fracht do typowej kwoty.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><b>Wolumeny importu<\/b>: polskie statystyki importu pojazd\u00f3w u\u017cywanych za okres stycze\u0144 do lipca 2026 i ca\u0142y rok 2025, na podstawie krajowych raport\u00f3w bran\u017cy motoryzacyjnej.<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/section>\n\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"readnext\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"eyebrow\">Przeczytaj dalej<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"readnext-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"readnext-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/jak-kupic-samochod-na-otomoto\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-img\" style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/listings\/otomoto-hero.webp')\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-title\">Jak kupowa\u0107 na Otomoto i znajdowa\u0107 naprawd\u0119 dobre oferty<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-dek\">Na Otomoto jest dzi\u015b ponad 234 000 u\u017cywanych samochod\u00f3w. To wi\u0119cej, ni\u017c jakikolwiek kupuj\u0105cy jest w stanie realnie przejrze\u0107, dlatego wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b ogl\u0105da po prostu to, co serwis poka\u017ce im jako pierwsze.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-more\">Zobacz poradnik &rarr;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"readnext-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-niemiec-mobile-de\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-img\" style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog\/mobilede\/mobilede-hero.webp')\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-body\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-title\">Jak kupi\u0107 auto na mobile.de i sprowadzi\u0107 je do Polski<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-dek\">Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 aut u\u017cywanych sprowadzanych do Polski pochodzi z Niemiec, a znajduje si\u0119 je na mobile.de. To najlepsze miejsce w Europie, \u017ceby kupi\u0107 u\u017cywany samoch\u00f3d, i naj\u0142atwiejsze, \u017ceby za niego przep\u0142aci\u0107. Mniej wi\u0119cej po\u0142owa kupuj\u0105cych w og\u00f3le nie negocjuje.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"rn-more\">Zobacz poradnik &rarr;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<script>\n(function(){\n  var ROOT=document.querySelector('.mrvin-blog-post'); if(!ROOT) return;\n  var I18N={\"readMin\":\"min czytania\",\"copied\":\"Skopiowano\",\"chart1\":{\"inCountry\":\"Sold within a country\",\"crossBorder\":\"Sold across EU borders\",\"ofCars\":\"% of cars\"},\"chart2\":{\"before\":\"Before the database\",\"after\":\"2024 (with Car-Pass)\",\"cases\":\"cases\"},\"rank\":{\"unit\":\"checks\"},\"calc\":{\"perYear\":\"km \/ year\",\"typicalFor\":\"Typical for its age\",\"thisCar\":\"This car\",\"difference\":\"Difference\",\"about\":\"about typical\",\"pctBelow\":\"% below typical\",\"pctAbove\":\"% above typical\",\"rangeLegend\":\"Typical range for its age\",\"noteValue\":\"If the true mileage is closer to {expected} km, the missing {hidden} km could be inflating the {price} asking price by very roughly {est} (about 4% of value per 10,000 km).\",\"noteHidden\":\"That is around {hidden} km below typical. Add an asking price above to estimate the value at stake.\",\"tiers\":{\"veryLow\":{\"label\":\"Very low mileage\",\"color\":\"#A32D2D\",\"msg\":\"This is far below what a car of this age normally covers. Genuine low mileage cars exist, but this is exactly the pattern odometer fraud creates. Insist on a recorded mileage history before you trust the dial.\"},\"below\":{\"label\":\"Below typical\",\"color\":\"#854F0B\",\"msg\":\"A little below average. Often legitimate, but worth confirming against stamped service records and logged readings.\"},\"normal\":{\"label\":\"Looks normal\",\"color\":\"#0F6E56\",\"msg\":\"In the normal range for its age and use. Nothing unusual on mileage alone, though a full history check is still wise.\"},\"above\":{\"label\":\"Above typical\",\"color\":\"#854F0B\",\"msg\":\"Above average for its age. Not a fraud signal in itself, but expect more wear and use it to negotiate the price down.\"},\"veryHigh\":{\"label\":\"Very high mileage\",\"color\":\"#A32D2D\",\"msg\":\"Very high for its age. Likely a former fleet, taxi or long commute car. Budget for heavier wear and check the maintenance record closely.\"}}}}, HOME=\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/\", CDN=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/vendor\/chart-4.4.1.umd.js\";\n  var SANS=\"-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\";\n  var $=function(id){return document.getElementById(id);};\n\n  \/* reading progress bar *\/\n  var bar=$('mrvin-blog-progress');\n  function prog(){var h=document.documentElement,max=h.scrollHeight-h.clientHeight;if(bar)bar.style.width=(max>0?(h.scrollTop\/max)*100:0)+'%';}\n  document.addEventListener('scroll',prog,{passive:true});window.addEventListener('resize',prog);prog();\n\n  \/* estimated read time *\/\n  var art=ROOT.querySelector('article');\n  if(art){var rt=$('mrvin-blog-readtime');var w=(art.innerText.match(\/\\S+\/g)||[]).length;if(rt)rt.textContent=Math.max(1,Math.round(w\/225))+' '+I18N.readMin;}\n\n  \/* share buttons *\/\n  var url=encodeURIComponent(location.href),txt=encodeURIComponent(document.title.split('|')[0].trim());\n  if($('mrvin-blog-sh-x'))$('mrvin-blog-sh-x').href='https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url='+url+'&text='+txt;\n  if($('mrvin-blog-sh-li'))$('mrvin-blog-sh-li').href='https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url='+url;\n  if($('mrvin-blog-sh-fb'))$('mrvin-blog-sh-fb').href='https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u='+url;\n  if($('mrvin-blog-sh-copy'))$('mrvin-blog-sh-copy').addEventListener('click',function(e){var b=e.currentTarget,o=b.innerHTML;try{navigator.clipboard.writeText(location.href);}catch(err){}b.textContent='\u2713';setTimeout(function(){b.innerHTML=o;},1200);});\n\n  \/* ToC scrollspy *\/\n  var links={};ROOT.querySelectorAll('.toc a').forEach(function(a){links[a.getAttribute('href').slice(1)]=a;});\n  if('IntersectionObserver' in window){\n    var spy=new IntersectionObserver(function(es){es.forEach(function(e){if(e.isIntersecting){Object.keys(links).forEach(function(k){links[k].classList.remove('active');});if(links[e.target.id])links[e.target.id].classList.add('active');}});},{rootMargin:'-92px 0px -68% 0px',threshold:0});\n    Object.keys(links).forEach(function(id){var el=$(id);if(el)spy.observe(el);});\n  }\n\n  \/* back to top *\/\n  var top=$('mrvin-blog-totop');\n  if(top){window.addEventListener('scroll',function(){top.classList.toggle('show',window.scrollY>600);},{passive:true});top.addEventListener('click',function(){window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'});});}\n\n  \/* VIN-check card submit *\/\n  \/* VIN search box: auto-submit once a full 17-char VIN is typed (matches the homepage hero) *\/\n  (function(){\n    var box=ROOT.querySelector('.mrvin-search-box'); if(!box) return;\n    var input=box.querySelector('.mrvin-search-input'), form=box.querySelector('form'); if(!input||!form) return;\n    var VIN_RE=\/^[A-HJ-NPR-Z0-9]{17}$\/i, timer=null, submitted=false;\n    function cancel(){ if(timer){clearTimeout(timer);timer=null;} }\n    input.addEventListener('input',function(){\n      cancel(); if(submitted) return;\n      if(!VIN_RE.test((input.value||'').trim())) return;\n      timer=setTimeout(function(){ timer=null; if(submitted) return;\n        if(!VIN_RE.test((input.value||'').trim())) return;\n        submitted=true; if(typeof form.requestSubmit==='function') form.requestSubmit(); else form.submit();\n      },1000);\n    });\n    form.addEventListener('submit',function(){ submitted=true; cancel(); });\n  })();\n\n  \/* reveal on scroll *\/\n  var rev=ROOT.querySelectorAll('figure,.tldr,.calc,.takeaway,.promo,.promo-vin');\n  rev.forEach(function(el){el.classList.add('reveal');});\n  if('IntersectionObserver' in window){\n    var ro=new IntersectionObserver(function(es,o){es.forEach(function(e){if(e.isIntersecting){e.target.classList.add('in');o.unobserve(e.target);}});},{threshold:0.12});\n    rev.forEach(function(el){ro.observe(el);});\n  } else { rev.forEach(function(el){el.classList.add('in');}); }\n\n  \/* mileage calculator *\/\n  var cY=$('mrvin-blog-calc-year'),cK=$('mrvin-blog-calc-km'),cU=$('mrvin-blog-calc-use'),cP=$('mrvin-blog-calc-price'),cO=$('mrvin-blog-calc-out');\n  function tier(r){var T=I18N.calc.tiers;if(r<0.5)return T.veryLow;if(r<0.8)return T.below;if(r<=1.4)return T.normal;if(r<=2.0)return T.above;return T.veryHigh;}\n  function fmt(n){return n.toLocaleString();}\n  function run(){\n    if(!cY||!cK||!cU||!cO)return;\n    var now=new Date().getFullYear(),y=parseInt(cY.value,10),km=parseInt(cK.value,10),bm=parseInt(cU.value,10);\n    if(!y||isNaN(km)||y<1950||y>now||km<0){cO.classList.remove('show');cO.innerHTML='';return;}\n    var age=Math.max(1,now-y),per=Math.round(km\/age),exp=bm*age,ratio=per\/bm,t=tier(ratio);\n    var gap=Math.round((km-exp)\/exp*100),gapTxt=Math.abs(gap)<5?I18N.calc.about:(Math.abs(gap)+(gap<0?I18N.calc.pctBelow:I18N.calc.pctAbove));\n    var bandLow=exp*0.8,bandHigh=exp*1.4,scaleMax=Math.max(km,bandHigh,exp)*1.15;\n    var bL=bandLow\/scaleMax*100,bW=(bandHigh-bandLow)\/scaleMax*100,mk=Math.min(100,km\/scaleMax*100);\n    var note='';\n    if(ratio<0.8){\n      var hidden=exp-km,price=parseInt(cP&&cP.value,10);\n      if(price&&price>0&&hidden>0){\n        var est=Math.round(price*0.04*(hidden\/10000)\/100)*100;if(est>price)est=price;\n        if(est>0)note=' '+I18N.calc.noteValue.replace('{expected}',fmt(exp)).replace('{hidden}',fmt(hidden)).replace('{price}','\u20ac'+fmt(price)).replace('{est}','\u20ac'+fmt(est));\n      } else if(hidden>0){\n        note=' '+I18N.calc.noteHidden.replace('{hidden}',fmt(hidden));\n      }\n    }\n    cO.innerHTML=\n      '<div class=\"calc-verdict\" style=\"color:'+t.color+'\">'+t.label+'<\/div>'+\n      '<span class=\"calc-num\" style=\"color:'+t.color+'\">'+fmt(per)+' '+I18N.calc.perYear+'<\/span>'+\n      '<div class=\"calc-bar\"><div class=\"calc-bar-band\" style=\"left:'+bL+'%;width:'+bW+'%\"><\/div><div class=\"calc-bar-mark\" style=\"left:'+mk+'%;background:'+t.color+'\"><\/div><\/div>'+\n      '<div class=\"calc-bar-legend\"><span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:#9FE1CB\"><\/span>'+I18N.calc.rangeLegend+'<\/span><span><span class=\"sw\" style=\"background:'+t.color+';width:3px;height:13px\"><\/span>'+I18N.calc.thisCar+'<\/span><\/div>'+\n      '<div class=\"calc-metrics\"><div>'+I18N.calc.typicalFor+'<b>'+fmt(exp)+' km<\/b><\/div><div>'+I18N.calc.thisCar+'<b>'+fmt(km)+' km<\/b><\/div><div>'+I18N.calc.difference+'<b>'+gapTxt+'<\/b><\/div><\/div>'+\n      '<p class=\"calc-msg\">'+t.msg+note+'<\/p>';\n    cO.classList.add('show');\n  }\n  [cY,cK,cU,cP].forEach(function(el){if(el)el.addEventListener('input',run);});\n\n  \/* charts (load Chart.js on demand, build when scrolled into view) *\/\n  var chartsBuilt=false;\n  function loadChart(cb){if(window.Chart){cb();return;}var s=document.createElement('script');s.src=CDN;s.onload=cb;s.onerror=function(){};document.head.appendChild(s);}\n  var rangeLabels={id:'rangeLabels',afterDatasetsDraw:function(c){var x=c.ctx,m=c.getDatasetMeta(0);m.data.forEach(function(b,i){var v=c.data.datasets[0].data[i];x.save();x.font=\"500 14px \"+SANS;x.fillStyle=\"#0B1120\";x.textBaseline=\"middle\";x.fillText(v[0]+' to '+v[1]+'%',b.x+10,b.y);x.restore();});}};\n  function chart1(){var el=$('mrvin-blog-chart1');if(!el)return;new Chart(el,{type:'bar',data:{labels:[I18N.chart1.inCountry,I18N.chart1.crossBorder],datasets:[{data:[[5,12],[30,50]],backgroundColor:['#85B7EB','#003399'],borderRadius:7,barThickness:48}]},options:{indexAxis:'y',responsive:true,maintainAspectRatio:false,animation:{duration:1100,easing:'easeOutQuart'},layout:{padding:{right:54}},plugins:{legend:{display:false},tooltip:{callbacks:{label:function(c){return c.raw[0]+' to '+c.raw[1]+I18N.chart1.ofCars;}}}},scales:{x:{min:0,max:55,ticks:{callback:function(v){return v+'%';},color:'#94A3B8',font:{family:SANS}},grid:{color:'#EEF2F6'},border:{display:false}},y:{ticks:{color:'#3A4F66',font:{size:14,family:SANS}},grid:{display:false},border:{display:false}}}},plugins:[rangeLabels]});}\n  var valueLabels={id:'valueLabels',afterDatasetsDraw:function(c){var x=c.ctx,m=c.getDatasetMeta(0),txt=['~80,000','1,411'];m.data.forEach(function(b,i){x.save();x.font=\"500 15px \"+SANS;x.fillStyle=i===0?'#9A3636':'#0F6E56';x.textAlign='center';x.fillText(txt[i],b.x,b.y-10);x.restore();});}};\n  function chart2(){var el=$('mrvin-blog-chart2');if(!el)return;new Chart(el,{type:'bar',data:{labels:[I18N.chart2.before,I18N.chart2.after],datasets:[{data:[80000,1411],backgroundColor:['#E24B4A','#1D9E75'],borderRadius:8,barThickness:96}]},options:{responsive:true,maintainAspectRatio:false,animation:{duration:1200,easing:'easeOutQuart'},layout:{padding:{top:24}},plugins:{legend:{display:false},tooltip:{callbacks:{label:function(c){return c.parsed.y.toLocaleString()+' '+I18N.chart2.cases;}}}},scales:{x:{ticks:{color:'#3A4F66',font:{size:14,family:SANS}},grid:{display:false},border:{display:false}},y:{beginAtZero:true,ticks:{callback:function(v){return v.toLocaleString();},color:'#94A3B8',font:{family:SANS}},grid:{color:'#EEF2F6'},border:{display:false}}}},plugins:[valueLabels]});}\n  \/* generic ranked horizontal bar charts: any <canvas class=\"mrvin-blog-rank\" data-chart='{\"labels\":[],\"data\":[],\"colors\":[]}'>\n     Labels are proper nouns (model names) so they stay untranslated; only the unit suffix comes from I18N. *\/\n  function rankCharts(){\n    ROOT.querySelectorAll('canvas.mrvin-blog-rank').forEach(function(el){\n      var cfg; try{ cfg=JSON.parse(el.getAttribute('data-chart')||'null'); }catch(e){ return; }\n      if(!cfg||!cfg.labels||!cfg.data) return;\n      var unit=(I18N.rank&&I18N.rank.unit)||'';\n      new Chart(el,{type:'bar',\n        data:{labels:cfg.labels,datasets:[{data:cfg.data,backgroundColor:cfg.colors||'#003399',borderRadius:6,barThickness:20}]},\n        options:{indexAxis:'y',responsive:true,maintainAspectRatio:false,\n          animation:{duration:1100,easing:'easeOutQuart'},\n          plugins:{legend:{display:false},tooltip:{callbacks:{label:function(c){return c.parsed.x.toLocaleString()+' '+unit;}}}},\n          scales:{x:{grid:{color:'#EEF2F6'},ticks:{color:'#94A3B8',font:{family:SANS}},border:{display:false}},\n            y:{grid:{display:false},ticks:{color:'#3A4F66',font:{size:12.5,family:SANS}},border:{display:false}}}}});\n    });\n  }\n  \/* generic line charts: any <canvas class=\"mrvin-blog-line\" data-chart='{\"labels\":[],\"series\":[{\"label\":\"\",\"color\":\"\",\"data\":[]}]}'>\n     Every label arrives already translated from PHP, so unlike chart1\/chart2 this\n     needs no I18N plumbing and no per-article keys in the shared context.\n     Per-series flags: fill, dash (dashed reference line), point (show markers),\n     tip:false (keep it out of the tooltip, e.g. a warranty floor). *\/\n  function lineCharts(){\n    ROOT.querySelectorAll('canvas.mrvin-blog-line').forEach(function(el){\n      var cfg; try{ cfg=JSON.parse(el.getAttribute('data-chart')||'null'); }catch(e){ return; }\n      if(!cfg||!cfg.labels||!cfg.series) return;\n      var sfx=cfg.suffix||'';\n      var ds=cfg.series.map(function(s){\n        return {label:s.label||'',data:s.data,_tip:s.tip!==false,\n          borderColor:s.color||'#003399',\n          backgroundColor:s.fill?(s.fillColor||'rgba(0,51,153,.09)'):'transparent',fill:!!s.fill,\n          borderDash:s.dash?[6,5]:undefined,tension:s.dash?0:.3,borderWidth:s.dash?1.5:3,\n          pointRadius:s.point?4:0,pointHoverRadius:s.dash?0:(s.point?6:5),\n          pointBackgroundColor:s.color||'#003399',pointBorderColor:'#fff',pointBorderWidth:2};\n      });\n      new Chart(el,{type:'line',data:{labels:cfg.labels,datasets:ds},\n        options:{responsive:true,maintainAspectRatio:false,\n          animation:{duration:1250,easing:'easeOutQuart'},\n          plugins:{legend:{display:false},tooltip:{\n            filter:function(c){return c.dataset._tip!==false;},\n            callbacks:{\n              title:function(items){var i=items[0].dataIndex,l=items[0].label;\n                if(0===i&&cfg.titleFirst)return cfg.titleFirst;\n                return cfg.titlePrefix?(cfg.titlePrefix+' '+l):l;},\n              label:function(c){return (c.dataset.label?c.dataset.label+': ':'')+c.parsed.y.toLocaleString()+sfx;}}}},\n          scales:{\n            x:{title:cfg.xTitle?{display:true,text:cfg.xTitle,color:'#94A3B8',font:{size:12,family:SANS}}:{display:false},\n              ticks:{color:'#3A4F66',font:{size:12.5,family:SANS}},grid:{display:false},border:{display:false}},\n            y:{min:cfg.yMin,max:cfg.yMax,beginAtZero:0===cfg.yMin,\n              ticks:{stepSize:cfg.yStep,callback:function(v){return v+sfx;},color:'#94A3B8',font:{family:SANS}},\n              grid:{color:'#EEF2F6'},border:{display:false}}}}});\n    });\n  }\n  function buildCharts(){if(chartsBuilt)return;chartsBuilt=true;chart1();chart2();rankCharts();lineCharts();}\n  var c1=$('mrvin-blog-chart1')||ROOT.querySelector('canvas.mrvin-blog-rank,canvas.mrvin-blog-line');\n  if(c1&&'IntersectionObserver' in window){\n    var co=new IntersectionObserver(function(es,o){es.forEach(function(e){if(e.isIntersecting){loadChart(buildCharts);o.disconnect();}});},{threshold:0.2});\n    co.observe(c1);\n  } else if(c1){ loadChart(buildCharts); }\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":1006,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15615","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"<title>Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MrVIN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo\/mrvin-social-preview.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo\/mrvin-social-preview.png\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\\\/\",\"name\":\"Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-24T11:46:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Blog\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Jak kupi\u0107 auto na aukcji, mieszkaj\u0105c w Polsce\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MrVIN\",\"description\":\"Get instant vehicle history reports\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":[\"Mr VIN\",\"Mr. VIN\",\"MRVIN\",\"Mr.VIN\",\"MrVIN.com\"],\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/pl\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MrVIN\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/email\\\/mrvin-logo-horizontal.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/email\\\/mrvin-logo-horizontal.png\",\"width\":450,\"height\":123,\"caption\":\"MrVIN\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mrvin.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/mrvin\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/mrvin_com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/people\\\/Mr-VIN\\\/61590451420892\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/wiki\\\/Q141044861\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.trustpilot.com\\\/review\\\/mrvin.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@mrvin_com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/mrvin_com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.crunchbase.com\\\/organization\\\/mrvin\"],\"alternateName\":[\"Mr VIN\",\"Mr. VIN\",\"MRVIN\",\"Mr.VIN\",\"MrVIN.com\"],\"identifier\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"Wikidata\",\"value\":\"Q141044861\"},\"legalName\":\"VERIFY SIA\",\"foundingDate\":\"2026-01-20\",\"vatID\":\"LV40203713379\",\"taxID\":\"40203713379\",\"email\":\"info@mrvin.com\",\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"streetAddress\":\"Roberta Hir\u0161a 1\",\"addressLocality\":\"R\u012bga\",\"postalCode\":\"LV-1045\",\"addressCountry\":\"LV\"},\"areaServed\":\"Europe\",\"knowsAbout\":[\"Vehicle history reports\",\"Vehicle identification number\",\"Odometer fraud detection\",\"Used car inspection\"]}]}<\/script>","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN","description":"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN","og_description":"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/","og_site_name":"MrVIN","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo\/mrvin-social-preview.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_image":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo\/mrvin-social-preview.png","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/","name":"Auto z aukcji: akcyza, c\u0142o i realne koszty sprowadzenia | MrVIN","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-08-24T11:46:39+00:00","description":"Ile naprawd\u0119 kosztuje auto z aukcji po doliczeniu op\u0142at, frachtu, c\u0142a, akcyzy i VAT, kto mo\u017ce licytowa\u0107 na niemieckich aukcjach pouszkodzeniowych i kt\u00f3re terminy kosztuj\u0105 najwi\u0119cej.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/auto-z-aukcji-akcyza-koszty\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blog","item":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Jak kupi\u0107 auto na aukcji, mieszkaj\u0105c w Polsce"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/","name":"MrVIN","description":"Get instant vehicle history reports","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#organization"},"alternateName":["Mr VIN","Mr. VIN","MRVIN","Mr.VIN","MrVIN.com"],"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#organization","name":"MrVIN","url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/email\/mrvin-logo-horizontal.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/email\/mrvin-logo-horizontal.png","width":450,"height":123,"caption":"MrVIN"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/mrvin\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/mrvin_com\/","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Mr-VIN\/61590451420892\/","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q141044861","https:\/\/www.trustpilot.com\/review\/mrvin.com","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@mrvin_com","https:\/\/x.com\/mrvin_com","https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/mrvin"],"alternateName":["Mr VIN","Mr. VIN","MRVIN","Mr.VIN","MrVIN.com"],"identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"Wikidata","value":"Q141044861"},"legalName":"VERIFY SIA","foundingDate":"2026-01-20","vatID":"LV40203713379","taxID":"40203713379","email":"info@mrvin.com","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"Roberta Hir\u0161a 1","addressLocality":"R\u012bga","postalCode":"LV-1045","addressCountry":"LV"},"areaServed":"Europe","knowsAbout":["Vehicle history reports","Vehicle identification number","Odometer fraud detection","Used car inspection"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15615"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15615\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mrvin.com\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}